Woman found dead, gas leak suspected - Indian Express

Woman found dead, gas leak suspected - Indian Express

In an incident reported, a woman and two stray dogs were found dead in the sleep allegedly due to toxic gas leak from a waste transfer pipe passing through the area from industry to treatment plant. From this, it appears that there is no monitoring mechanism to assess healthiness of the piping. Whether any pipe markers with identification are in place or not is to be seen. In such a state, if somebody digs for something, he can encounter the pipe and any damage can cause jetting of the effluent from the pipe endangering the surroundings. How permission was given to lay the pipe across in the public area also should be enquired.

Know about eye wash shower

An article in detail about eye wash shower location and care to be taken is available in the following link.

http://www.chemicalplantsafety.net/safety-equipment/what-you-need-to-know-about-eye-washer/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ChemicalPlantSafety+%28Chemical+Plant+Safety+Resources%29

I learnt from this that the eye wash shower should be reachable in 10 seconds, to be located at same level of hazard area and dust covers should be provided to avoid contamination.

It is also stated that ANSI requires 30-90 psi pressure. It is my feeling that high pressure water should not be used as in the literature, hazards of high pressure water jets on eyes state damage to the eyes.

As per Indian Standard, the pressure to be maintained is 196 kpa i.e about 30 psi and 16 lpm flow rate for eye wash fountain and for emergency shower, it should be 110 lpm. As per this standard, it should be located within 15 m distance from chemical handling area.

The reason for minimum 15 minute cleaning is that even after this much cleaning, only about 95% chemical is washed off, which I read in internet written by an author from US about HF splash on the lab coat. I used to explain this to my audience in the training programmes about the necessity for washing atleast 15 minutes. Otherwise, human tendency is to wash till such irritation exists. However, the vapors from the chemical soaked cloth can continue to expose the persons and cause health effects later. And, HF will show delayed effects affecting lungs and exposed persons can die due to odema.

Safety during excavation

Following link from SafetySmart provides tips about safety during excavation.

http://www.safetysmart.com/safetysmart/resources/view.aspx?id=428&articleId=957&utm_source=pardot&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Bongarde#.UEdzpbLibRs

There are many more precautions to be taken about safe distances to be maintained for keeping the excavated soil, provision of ladders for use in emergency, display of cautionary signs, etc.

Punishment for felling trees

A property owner was booked with case under AP WALTA (Andhra Pradesh Water, Land and Tree Act 2002) for felling three trees (gulmohar, fountain and rubber trees) in the municipal area adjacent to his property. The officials on the way to their work found this and booked a case under WALTA. They also want to book a case for damaging government property. 

As per the Act, unless it endangers life or property, one can not cut trees or its branches. For this also, permission is to be obtained from District Forest Officer. 

The penalties for first offence range from 2-5 times the value of the tree and repeat offence will attract double  penalty. 

Though I heard about this Act long time ago through one of my colleagues, this is the first time to my knowledge that somebody is slapped with case for tree cutting.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Owner-lands-in-trouble-for-felling-old-trees-on-property/articleshow/15968255.cms

http://www.apard.gov.in/walta-act.pdf

http://www.krdrillers.com/ap_waltaact.pdf

SafetySmart Compliance » Blog Archive The James Beals Tragedy: The Price of Neglecting Confined Spaces Safety

SafetySmart Compliance » Blog Archive The James Beals Tragedy: The Price of Neglecting Confined Spaces Safety

The above link is about confined space tragedy in which a person died due to asphyxiation. Oxygen levels should be measured at the actual place of work before entry and every time before entry so that safe work atmosphere can be checked and ensured. Confined space hazard evaluation should be carried out however short the work is and do not believe by words but verify safe work atmosphere with measurements before entering the confined space.

Fire safety in theatres

Andhra Pradesh Government asked movie theatre owners to ensure fire safety. As per the fire department, all the theatres should ensure availability of atleast 10000 lit water in a tank, an earmarked area for fire engine, battery backup, emergency lights, fire alarms, public address system, etc. Government did not agree that most of the single screen theatres were setup long ago. Such arguments appear to the common man that theatre managements are compromising their safety. Strict punishments awarded few years ago to the owners and concerned government authorities for the tragedy in Uphar theatre in Delhi should be remembered by all. As per the news reports, theatre managements also realized for ensuring fire safety in their theatres.

Few years ago, traffic police department released a small video for screening in theatres in which the person purchasing the ticket enquires ticket counter person fire safety of the theatre.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Plea-for-theatre-ticket-hike-meets-fire-wall/articleshow/15576790.cms

Scaffolding with stairs

Recently, in a construction site for a metro rail project, I saw scaffolding with stairs within it to reach the work place at height. Further full barricading sheets all along the work place, warning lamps for night riders, radiating tapes, illumination,  latest concrete transfer machines with minimum space occupied on the road and persons to direct the traffic are provided to reduce inconvenience to  commuters. It is heartening to see such safety measures by the contractor for the workers.  Generally, it is rare to see such access provisions at construction sites and they try to make money not using safety wear. Every construction site should follow good practices as above so that workers, public and authorities will be satisfied with the work.

Lab safety

http://www.chemicalplantsafety.net/lab-safety/most-noticeable-lab-safety-equipment/

About fire extinguishers

http://www.chemicalplantsafety.net/fire-extinguishers/9-important-facts-about-fire-extinguisher-you-should-know/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ChemicalPlantSafety+%28Chemical+Plant+Safety+Resources%29

Who is responsible for regulating the factories?

After a fire incident in an ink factory and godown (see previous post) where fire services fought for 22 hours to control the fire, it is not clear which government department is responsible for looking after safety. Pollution control board feels the factory/godown does not come under them as it is not polluting. Industries department, a single window, says it is only for facilitation. Factories department too is not responsible as the factory in question employs less than 10 employees. The role of municipality which gave water connection and that of electricity department that provided electrical connection is not known.
From the above, it is really surprising how safety of the employees, public and environment can be ensured and this can be the reason for existence of illegal units in industrial areas.
This calls for changes in the Acts such that however small and whatever be the nature of operation, permissions should be obtained from departments of factories, pollution control, explosives, electricity, municipality, fire, health, police, etc and then only the local revenue or some identified department permits setting up of the plant.
It is mandatory even for shops to register with local municipality and pay taxes as required. Hence, the ambiguity in safety during industrial activity must be removed by proper legislation.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Factory-fire-Govt-departments-pass-the-buck/articleshow/15523227.cms

Conveyor belt fire in a thermal plant - 4 killed

In a fire incident yesterday in the afternoon hours, on the moving conveyor belt of a thermal plant where through which coal is transferred to crusher before using for heating, four persons died due to severe burns and six others received burn injuries. The employees working in the area spotted fire on the moving belt and rushed to extinguish. When the fire grew big uncontrollably, they tried to escape and jumped 25 m down on coal heaps.
It is not clear whether the conveyor belt was halted by pull-chord / emergency switch when it caught fire and whether there is regular cleaning of the conveyor belt and rollers system to clean the dust collected.
4 killed in thermal plant fire

LINK

Fire in a chemical godown

A fire occurred yesterday (15.08.2012) at about 1000 hr in a chemical godown that stored solvent drums. It is reported that nobody was injured. However, 150 tins of solvents and thinners stored in ground and first first floor were gutted. The compound wall and first floor got collapsed in the fire incident and it took more than 8 hr to control the fire by using water and foam. The people in nearby areas suffered breathing problems due to chemical pollutants in the atmosphere due to fire. 

As it is claimed nobody was present during that time, the reason for fire is not known. I am unable to guess the reason for fire. It could be due to accumulation of solvent vapors and insufficient ventilation and the ignition source can be some glowing lamp. 

It is reported that there are many chemical godowns in the area that does not have permission from PCB authorities. There should be a single window system for clearing industrial activities wherein all concerned departments like factory department, pollution control board, water authority, electricity authority, police department, revenue department, health department, etc scrutinize the applications and then only authorize for setting up the facility and permit connections for electricity, water, etc.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3778402.ece

http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20120815/2044726.html

Chevron's safety record hit by accidents

A spate of accidents in Chevron Corporation reveals a lot is to be done by oil industry as even the best organization with commitment to safety suffers from accidents. The statistics are wonderful with an incident rate of 0.2 per million man-hours worked. Though there are organizations where zero accident rate is reported for many years, the approach and methodology varies from industry to industry.
There are many organizations where safety is only a stage talk and give least importance in practice. Unless everybody from top to bottom assume responsibility for safety, no organization however best it is, will fail and therefore needs continuous vigil on its operations so that accidents do not occur.
http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Chevron-s-safety-record-hit-by-accidents-3791793.php#page-1

Act on near misses instead of cleaning after accidents

In an article,  http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/08/st_essay_close_calls/, it is stated that there is an 80% drop in serious accidents at Dow Chemical after the company implemented close call reporting. Though, it looks cumbersome and time consuming initially to act upon the near misses, it is an opportunity to purge the system of unsafe conditions and will be prove beneficial in the long run to the organisation. Managers should encourage their employees to report all near misses and appreciate them instead of chiding them and be grateful to the workers for reporting near misses.

Contract workers - no concern for their safety?

Safety of contract workers is given less importance compared to regular employees. In industrial areas, we can find this difference glaringly. Even the contractor who provides manpower also is not concerned though he may be charging the organization for use of safety appliances by his personnel. These daily wage earners are treated like no entity and the contractors who earn money by using these people are nothing short of leeches. Factory managements and factory inspectors should penalize heavily such contractors so that they feel it is better to provide safety appliances rather than paying the penalty. Ordering the closure of factory also will do good as managements can ensure safety for contract workers also by whatever means it is appropriate. Sometime back I listened to a talk wherein the speaker said that the contractor will be penalized Rs. 5,000/- for every violation and this money is credited into safety awareness fund. After three violations, the contractor will be blacklisted. I feel such measures will help in creating awareness by force among all and ensure safety for all.

Fire in Tamilnadu Express train on 30.07.2012 at 0420 hr

In a train fire incident on 30.07.2012 at about 0420 hr in Tamilnadu Express train that travels from New Delhi to Chennai, 32 passengers died and 28 received burn injuries, a few them in critical state. The incident took place immediately after the train crossed the Nellore railway station (the train after a stop at Vijayawada stops only at its terminal stop i.e. Chennai central, running nonstop for 7 hours between these two stations  covering 430 km distance). The station master or others at Nellore did not see any thing wrong while the train passed but an alert gateman of a level crossing at about a  kilometer from Nellore railway station saw flames from the toilet of S-11 coach and alerted the station. When someone pulled chain, the train stopped after travelling for about 5 minutes. 

Various news reports say the train travelling at 80-110 kmph and at the time of the incident, all four doors of the coach and windows are in closed condition due to rains. A loud sound was heard between berths 40 & 44 as told by survivors and the escape of passengers inside was restricted due to unauthorized passengers sleeping on aisle in the coach, fire in the vestibule connecting S-11 and S-10 coaches, jamming of the three doors out of four and one out of two emergency escape windows due to heat. (In every coach, generally side lower berths will be under reservation-against-cancellation (RAC) with two passengers sitting on the berth and it is likely that one of the two in every berth may sleep on the aisle or space between main berths). Few lucky escaped through S-12 coach. Piling of dead bodies near the door is an indication of inability of passengers to escape due to jamming of doors. At the time of the incident, a long goods train with two engines passed for five minutes and thus nobody could escape for that period from the emergency window by which time many succumbed due to asphyxiation and burns. It is reported that fire tenders reach by 0445 hour and used gas cutters to open the doors for fire fighting.

Various theories are reported for the reason as below.

1. Finding of a kerosene can wrapped in a jute bag in the gutted coach, leading to sabotage theory.
2. Short circuit in the battery power supply unit, with sparks flying to ceiling fan near the gate leading to spread of fire. It is reported that 110 V supply is used in the trains and this is unlikely to lead to short circuit.

Similar fire earlier on 31.07.2008 at 0000 hr in Goutami Express near Kesamudram in Warangal district with fire starting from the toilet of S-10 coach spreading the fire to S-11, S-12 caused 32 deaths.

A committee constituted by former railway minister with Dr.Anil Kakodkar as Chairman observed that most of the train fire incidents took place between 0200 and 0600 hr due to lack of proper detection, warning and fire fighting system and recommended many measures including fire detectors as smoke detectors can't be effective in running train, banning of use of gas cylinders for cooking in pantry cars, etc. Though, smoking is prohibited, still passenger smoke in the toilets or near the doors and this too can lead to fires. 

http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/andhra-pradesh/article3702051.ece?homepage=true

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3704655.ece

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3704654.ece Tamilnadu Express incident list

http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/article3704435.ece About Indian Railways guidelines on fire safety

http://m.indianexpress.com/news/fire-in-train-coach-kills-at-least-25-in-nellore/981358/

http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/tamil-nadu-express-fire-toll-mounts-to-32-may-rise-further_790551.html

Education system - stress on children

Every few years, syllabus of lower classes is being increased by adding that from higher classes and this is making the children to spend more time to study with no time for sports, etc thus causing stress in them. People say that increasing competition is leading to stress, but when we compare how we were and what our children are, it is apparent that the present syllabus in classes VI-X is heavy and contains some portions from higher classes of our time. Though, experts say young brains are capable of grasping whatever is fed to them, but there should be a limit to it. One should remember that innovations and technologies of present day are due to efforts of people who studied earlier with the syllabus not so heavily loaded. 

With the shortsightedness of some people who review and decide syllabus, children are getting stuffed with more and more syllabus with passing years. For an adult, syllabus of lower classes appears easy but not for the kids who have to actually go through. This appears to be a reason why syllabus is increased at regular intervals without realizing its effects on the growth of the young children.

More syllabus is leading to shortcuts in studies for getting marks, without understanding. Students are fed with questions and answers, asked to remember the answers and in the process killing their interest, logical thinking abilities, and eventually harming the future generations. Even parents also join the race by forcing their wards to study with no relaxation. If a kid comes to parent for explanation, many of the present day parents are not in a position to clarify the doubts. When left with no other option, they ask their kids to memorize without understanding.

The results are already visible with many students in colleges (after 10+2) having back log of subjects because no body feeds them with questions and answers in higher classes unlike in lower classes. Many corporate HR managers of the view that the present day job aspirants do not have good understanding of the subjects though they got good marks in their college examinations. 

Sometimes, I read in news papers that the syllabus are trimmed by some governments but unless it is done for all states, no gains can be seen forcing the children to memorize the lines.

Road accidents in India

In an article in mint daily on 24.07.2012, it is stated that fatalities due to road accidents in India are on the rise and in the year 2011, 11.8 persons died per lakh of population compared to 11.4, 10.8, 10.5 in 2010, 2009 and 2008 respectively. Within the country, highest fatalities due to road accidents are in the state Goa where 23 persons per lakh die, followed by Tamilnadu (21), Puducherry (19), Haryana (19), Dadra & Nagar Haveli (18.4), Andhra Pradesh (17.9), Delhi (12.3), Maharashtra (11.6), Uttar Pradesh (11), Bihar (4.9).
As per WHO, every hour 40 persons under the age 25 die in the globe and this is 14/hr in India in 2009. The report says drunken driving is a major factor along with speeding, low use of helmets/seat belts, etc. Deaths are on rise progressive states like Maharashtra, Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh.
From the road safety statistics above, it appears that road accidents are less in states with good rail network compared to others and this calls for increasing the coverage of the country with good rail network. This will also help in decongestion of roads, reduction in import of fossil fuels thus saving foreign exchange, less pollution and better health.


http://www.livemint.com/2012/07/23233225/Path-to-safety.html?h=B news item
https://dl.dropbox.com/u/5973996/Users/Pooja/G-ACCIDENTS.pdf road accident statistics
http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,5519345,00.html WHO report

Safety audit of Parliament reveals security hazards

The news item about hazards in the Parliament appeared in today's edition of Times of India can be read in the following link.
Safety audit of Parliament reveals security hazards

The report of safety audit points to temporary nature of jobs that have become permanent, like cabins, partitions, loose wiring, addition of air conditioners, piling of broken furniture along the stairs, etc restricting/altering access, creating hazards and putting the lives of the persons in the building at risk. It is reported that the furniture is removed based on the audit report and canteen kitchen is being moved to avoid use of gas cylinders as explosives and recommended for use of piped gas. Though it is not reported, vehicle parking also should be looked into from safety and security aspects. It will be a Herculean task for the security officials to screen these vehicles apart from the persons, but requires attention.
LINK

Accident Investigation 101: What to Do and What Not to Do » SafetySmart

Do's and Dont's for accident investigation, appeared in Safety Smart, 18.07.2012 Wednesday.
Accident Investigation 101: What to Do and What Not to Do » SafetySmart

LINK

Odd and extra working hours - some facilities to staff

It is common for persons to work extra hours for various reasons. May be some shopfloor problems are to be attended, a report is to be made urgently, production schedules are to be met, breakdown maintenance is to be done, somebody did not report and person doing the work has to continue next shift, and so on. These persons need to be taken care properly by allowing them to have break for some rest, some snacks/food, proper sitting/rest place, etc. Though Factories Act requires these issues to be attended, in many factories, there are no change rooms / canteen facilities, particularly for daily wage earners / contract workers. They have to settle under a tree or shed for rest and to have their food. 

So called canteens supply tea/coffee and food at fixed timings and those who have to take meals/food at intervals find it difficult and their health and performance is affected over a time period. One can't bring food prepared at home to meet his/her requirement for extended working hours. And cakes/biscuits can't replace the regular food. 

Managements should ensure availability of fresh, energetic and hygienic food at all times to their employees so that they too can have their break and refreshment and resume the work with renewed vigor. 

Accident alert - Don't leave the child in the car

In an incident, a child was left in the car and by the time father returned, the child was found dead in a tragic way. The accident alert appeared in Cite Digest can be read in the following link.
http://www.citehr.com/418712-accident-alert.html

Protect Yourself From Respiratory Hazards » SafetySmart

Good article from Safety Smart on the subject.
Protect Yourself From Respiratory Hazards » SafetySmart

Many times, persons actually doing the job also ignore the advice and try to do the job saying that it is a 2 minute job. And, they would never see the light again. Before carrying out any job, particularly in closed spaces, one should measure the concentration of all possible pollutants and also oxygen in the work atmosphere, particularly at the actual place of the work. Pollutants should be exhausted by proper ventilation so that oxygen levels are within permissible range. If it is suitable, one should enter the space by following all precautions. Else, they will become victims of dangerous work place. Though, people say 19.5% of oxygen is sufficient to enter a confined space, but still it is below 21% level in atmosphere. We should find out which are the pollutants in the work place that caused reduction in oxygen level to 19.5%. We know that carbon monoxide at 5000 ppm (0.5%) is fatal.
It is better to ensure oxygen levels nearer to atmospheric levels of 21%, else one should use self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) so that one can work safely.
Apart from confined space jobs, respiratory protection is also required in jobs where fumes, mists, dust, etc are likely to be generated / present in the work place. Engineering measures should be taken and then as a last line of protection, one can go for personal protective equipment, in this case, use of respiratory protection.
LINK

Demolition Job Explodes in Workers’ Face » SafetySmart

A person while cutting a line with angle grinder, the gas inside the line exploded on the face causing burn injuries on the face and forearms. Wearing goggles and hand gloves saved the person from more injuries. We heard earlier, hot work i.e welding on  the pipe lines / tanks caused explosion (due to heating of contents inside and building up the pressure). In this case, possibly, after the line is cut, the escaping gas would have ignited from the sparks of grinding job.
Demolition Job Explodes in Workers’ Face » SafetySmart

LINK

Fire safety of the buildings

In the aftermath of the fire in Maharashtra's Secretariat building Mantralaya last week, an article appeared in Times of India on 24.06.2012 stating the review of fire safety in all buildings and maintaining the minimum requirements (as per National Building Code) to fight fire. They are,

1. maintaining atleast 6 m radius around the buildings free space to enable fire tender movement (this is also to be maintained free from trees and vegetation so that any fire involving them will not lead to fire in the building)
2. have fire detection and alarm system
3. have fire hydrants, wet riser, hose reel and automatic sprinkler system
4. have atleast 75,000 liter underground water tank and atleast 10,000 liter terrace tank exclusively for fire fighting
5. maintain atleast minimum number of (portable) fire extinguishers
6. have emergency lighting in and around the building
7. have one single switch in every building (at an easily identifiable and accessible location) to cut off power supply in case of short circuits (obviously this should be located in the main corridor, preferably at the entrance of the building)
8. have radiant (self luminescent) emergency exit direction markings along the corridor to the nearest exits
9. not blocking / locking the emergency exits / stairs with unwanted materials
10. test electrical systems also regularly to avoid overload/short circuit (as for any fire, people immediately show short circuit as the reason)
11. have CCTV surveillance system
12. display cautionary boards like do not smoke
13. remove the waste/scrap every day
14. test the systems regularly to see and ensure functioning of all fire protection system
15. have nodal officer in every building responsible for fire safety
16. conduct drills to all occupants to prepare them in case of any fire mishap
17. etc

The above guidelines will help in protecting the persons and property from fire mishaps.

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-24/hyderabad/32392807_1_wet-riser-fire-mishap-detection-and-alarm-system

A case for adopting inherently safer technologies - Message from Chairman, US Chemical Safety Board

CSB Chairman urged the industry to adopt inherently safer technologies in their processes, by substitution, reduction in inventory, operating at lesser temperatures and pressures and finally going for simpler instead of complex processes.
The main reason why industry is reluctant to change from existing conditions is that it costs money. Further, it requires lot of research and development and again it requires money. Governments too can do their bit in this regard to help the industry financially also by offering tax benefits to those who change their processes for achieving more safety.
The processes which are dangerous now, are approved by the government, when they were setup. These manufacturing facilities paid their taxes over the years to the government. Once, we are aware of the dangers, it is the responsibility of all stake holders, mainly, the industry and government, to contribute for a common cause i.e going for inherently safer technologies. As governments dole out subsidies and tax benefits to newly set up facilities, they can do the same to help the ailing industry (w.r.t safety).
Rafael Moure-Eraso: It's time for government and industry to adopt inherently safer technology  - Op-Ed Commentaries - The Charleston Gazette - West Virginia News and Sports -

LINK

Character and culture

I was going through a book titled 'Turning Point - Enlightening Essays on Life Part 1' published by Swaminarayan Aksharpith, Ahmedabad. In this book, there is a chapter on Character in which the quotation of Dwight L Mody is stated as 'Character is what you are in the dark'. 

National Petroleum Offshore Authority in its information booklet (A98443, Revision 1, Oct 2009) defined safety culture as 'Safety culture is how the organisation behaves when no one is watching'. From these two statements we can say that safety culture of an organization is the outcome of character of the individuals responsible for running the organization. Individuals makeup the organization and thus organization's culture is defined.

What we are doing in our day to day activities is not new to us. It is routine and we know how to do it safely. Still, we don't for various reasons. Nobody needs to supervise/watch us and tell us how to do a work in a safe manner. One need not tell us to read the established procedure, know the hazards, wear personal protective equipment, and so on. We know. Some of the tasks were known to us by our intuition / common sense. Still we ignore  for quick gains. We may complete a job without getting hurt ourselves or others. But, a day will come when we become victims of our own actions and that day we repent for our actions. 

Two sewage workers die in a sump of 6 feet depth

A worker engaged in routine maintenance of a pump located six feet below in a sump inhaled poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas and collapsed. Another person who tried to rescue the exposed  was overcome, collapsed and died. Shift supervisor who tried to rescue the persons also lost his life. Four others who tried to rescue were also exposed to the poisonous gas.

This incident shows lack of use of self contained breathing apparatus by the workers involved in such jobs and supervision. Whether the work atmosphere is monitored for toxic gases and sufficient ventilation is provided is to be ascertained.  Even if the work is required to be done only for few minutes, people involved should use necessary safety gear, as many think it is a short job and thus don't need self contained breathing apparatus. Rescue procedures in such incidents also need to be planned before start of work so that there will not be any delay to save the lives. It should form part of procedure to inform fire service crew and doctors before taking up any such work that help can be rendered in shortest time possible during any eventuality. 

Though, these procedures are made and followed in industrial establishments, similar procedures should be made compulsory in departments where persons are likely to be exposed to hazardous environment, where person have to work in confined spaces and so on. If somebody has to work at a place which is not meant for regular use, it should be treated as confined space and safety procedures for confined space should be followed.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Toxic-gas-kills-2-Delhi-Jal-Board-men-safety-suspect/articleshow/14190479.cms

Blast and fire in Vizag Steel Plant

In an incident of explosion and resultant fire in Vizag Steel Plant, 16 persons died and  property worth crores of rupees is damaged. It is reported that the incident happened in oxygen plant of the recently commissioned steel melting shop-II during trials. The hot metal from blast furnace will be sent into a mixer where oxygen will be blown at 17 kg/cm2 pressure to remove impurities and then convert into blooms. It is reported that the back pressure caused the explosion.

As per the reports, following are my observations:

1. Impurities from hot metal will be burnt in the mixer with oxygen.
2. Operators could not get the oxygen pressure of 17 kg/cm2 and instead they got about 14 kg/cm2.
3. They tried to admit oxygen at this lower pressure 2-3 times.
4. While people went closer to the unit to see reasons for low pressure, explosion occurred.
5. The pipeline for oxygen is of 5 mm thick instead of 10 mm
6. The oxygen container and associated piping got burst
7. The fire after explosion led to fire causing injuries/fatalities and property damage
8. Vehicles flew of about 50 m from the incident site

The above indicate nonavailability or failure of check valve / non-return valve in the connecting line; non-availability or failure of safety relief valve in the oxygen container and or mixer. The back pressure could be due to sudden reaction of impurities like carbon, etc with more oxygen supplied (2-3 times as low pressure was there) and the reaction product gases could have builtup pressure and non-venting of these gases as they are formed could have led to pressure buildup and back pressure.

As the plant is being commissioned/started for trial runs, many people including top level management was present and so many people thus got exposed.

Why so many vehicles including autorikshaws and scooters were available near the site is not known.

http://www.rediff.com/news/report/eight-killed-in-explosion-at-vizag-steel-plant/20120614.htm

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-13/hyderabad/32214943_1_oxygen-plant-sms-wing-blast-furnace

Operators are important for safety

In an article in Times of India today, an air safety consultant (former member of NTSB) John Goglia said that 80% airline accidents can be attributed to pilots, 40% to maintenance problems. He also suggested to have fatigue management system for efficient job performance like environment management system for improving environmental performance.
We may say that in any activity, the person actually doing the job is an important person and thus his knowledge, skill and interpretation/analysis of data he sees/receives in his job is most important. With poor control on operators regarding their punctuality and discipline, operators already in place may be forced to continue till reliever comes and this may lead to fatigue and errors in his judgement.
Proper selection of the man-power, training, establishing safety procedures, planning of shift duties, procedures for intimation about absence/change of timing well in advance can handle such issues and help in smooth operation of plant.

Gas cylinder safety

Following link is about BOC guidelines for gas cylinder safety.

http://www.uq.edu.au/ohs/pdfs/OHYG-BOCGasCylinderSafety.pdf

Location of transformers closer to buildings, walkways - a hazard

In an article, it is reported that many transformers located adjacent to foot paths or closer to buildings though as per Petroleum Act, atleast 9 m gap should be maintained. As per Indian Electricity Act, at least 2.5 m vertical and 1.5 m horizontal clearance should be maintained for 11 kv lines which is hardly followed. Read the full information in the following link.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Transformers-buildings-too-close-for-comfort/articleshow/13678673.cms

Wrong chemical mixing - gas leak - 11 injured

In an incident, the truck driver connected connected a wrong hose pumping acid into a tanker already containing some caustic solution. This resulted in chemical reaction, raising the temperature to 120 deg C and the driver saw yellow gas leak. 11 persons were injured in the incident. It is not clear who cleared the tanker driver to connect a wrong hose.

Following procedures/precautions can avoid such chemcial accidents/incidents.

1. Ensure the fitness of the vehicles by checking for valid certificates before permitting the vehicle into premises.
2. Ensure the contents and volume in the tanker by checking the records from the driver.
3. Ensure the availability of TREM card for the chemical in the tanker.
4. Ensure supervision for the job.
5. Label the hoses with chemical names apart from proper colour coding of the hoses.
6. Ensure connecting of earthing lines (depending on the chemicals handled) to the tanker.
7. Ensure connecting of correct hose to the tanker.
8. Instruct the operator to pump required volume by proper setting.
9. After pumping, disconnect and wait for backflow of chemicals from hoses, if any and wash the area.
10. Disconnect the earthing connections from the tanker.
11. Enter the volume pumped  or the level in the tank after pumping, in the records of the truck driver.

http://www.kval.com/news/local/At-least-three-people-injured-during-hazardous-materials-incident-Portland-155757555.html

A video is also available in the above link about the incident.

Treatment to blindness caused by chemicals

An eye hospital in Hyderabad, L.V.Prasad Eye Institute, is restoring the blindness to persons caused during chemical accidents. A person lost his eye sight due to splashing of sodium hydroxide. By growing stem cells in the lab, a technique developed by Italian scientists and improvised by scientists in this institute, the doctors are able to restore the eye sight in quick time.
http://www.theworld.org/2012/05/stem-cells-india/

Workers may be complacent not to wear goggles while working with chemicals, assuming that the job is simple or short time job. Chemicals, particularly alkalies can cause retina damage when fall into eyes and not washed immediately and treated. Some workers wash with water for few minutes until they feel better instead of the recommended time period of atleast 15 minutes. Later these people develop complications and may risk their eye sight. One has to wash 15 minutes atleast because, studies say, even after this much period of washing, only about 95% of the chemical is washed and this should be followed with treatment/consultation from the doctor. Any neglect will prove costly.

Person consumes cow dung powder and dies

A woman consumes cow dung powder and dies on the way to the hospital. She did this as her husband found that she had drawn Rs 50,000/- from his bank account using his ATM card without his knowledge and came to know later. 

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Wife-who-defrauds-husband-kills-self/articleshow/13577962.cms

http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/getpage.aspx?pageid=9&pagesize=&edid=&edlabel=TOIH&mydateHid=28-05-2012&pubname=&edname=&publabel=TOI

I am unable to find the words of consuming cow dung powder in the above links, but in print version it is mentioned.  Myself  and my friends too are totally surprised that cow dung consumption can cause death. We tried to find the reason unsuccessfully. Now, we have to keep cautioning the persons about possible contamination of food with cow dung also to avoid illness/deaths. 

Dust explosions: little known hazards

Hazards of dust and consequences arising out of dust explosions are still little understood by manufacturing facilities that handle dust of variety of materials, let it be, sugar, plastic, floor (wheat/maize/corn/...), metals (iron, zirconium, thorium,uranium, titanium,...), etc. Otherwise, there would have not been so many incidents every year leading to injuries and deaths of so many.
Proper measures like closed ventilation, maintaining humidity, earthing and bonding, flameproof electrical fittings, static discharge stations, cotton uniforms, periodical cleaning,etc will prevent dust explosions and its consequences.
Proper collection and disposal of dust needs to be given due attention.
An article in the following link is good reading material. There are few reports and video in www.csb.gov on the same subject.
http://www.iwatchnews.org/2012/05/29/8957/unchecked-dust-explosions-kill-injure-hundreds-workers?utm_source=iwatchnews&utm_medium=web&utm_campaign=rss

Subsidies by governments - what about safety investment?

In an article today, I understood where the huge amounts of subsidies allocated/borne by the government are utilized. Some amount goes to help the poor / middle class people. In this, some amount is also being spent on those who does not deserve because of their high income but possibly because of the difficulty in providing targeted distribution system, such leakages are happening. It is stated that Rs 5,29,000 crore is being the tax breaks given by the government to the corporations, which result is reduced cost of production thus the cost of product sold in the market.
I feel government should also include provision for exemptions on the money spent to improve safety in the work place. And while filing their tax returns, they should include the safety performance by way cost of the accidents (direct and indirect) and this much should be penalized for poor safety. This equivalent amount should be credited in to safety promotion fund account managed by the government for appropriate use. And those who do not incur any cost due to accidents, government can give some exemption either a % of their profits or the amount spent on safety betterment as safety reward by proper adjustment in balance sheets.
I am not an economist, but I feel such measures help in improving safety for the workers in the company.

Something about "Don't scratch silver foil coat with nails"

Today, I saw an e-mail with the following information:

ATTENTION!

Medical research authority of the US have found new cancer in human being caused by silver nitro oxide..

Whenever you buy recharge cards don’t scratch with nails as it contains silver nitro oxide coating and can cause skin cancer...Share this msg with your loved ones ...
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When I tried to know about information about silver nitro oxide, I found the following blogpost on the same subject, as per which the above information is totally wrong.

http://cyberworldfrauds.blogspot.in/2011/08/scratching-recharge-card-coating-silver.html
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Search from internet on the same topic (hazards of sliver coat on recharge cards in google search engine) took me to the following post, which is a health study on scratch cards in Nigeria that concludes heavy metal contamination of food after scratching the cards.

http://www.academicjournals.org/jece/PDF/pdf2011/April/Okunola%20et%20al.pdf
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Anyway, leaving the information out, we can use some coin to remove the coat on the recharge cards or scratch cards, etc instead of using our nails. The coat is some chemical compound and is better to avoid contact with any chemiclas whenever / wherever it is possible.
If we have to recharge our mobile, we can do the same with credit cards or at the street shop by going physically or if we developed some rapport with him, he can do based on our phone call.

About probability of reactor accidents based on past accidents

In an article, it is stated that the probability of contamination in severe accidents like that of Chernobyl and Fukushima will be far higher than earlier estimates. Though various conditions lead to the probability, the calculation described in the articles gives us an idea of probabilities. Numbers look absurd, but nothing is wrong in being pessimistic and try to improve safety systems.
http://cleantechnica.com/2012/05/24/likelihood-contamination-severe-nuclear-reactor-accidents-higher-expected/

Payback from safety - calculation

http://www.safetyxchange.org/financing-safety/measure-roi-safety-program

Mine accidents - a way to reach the trapped workers

This evening, I was talking about this blog to my father-in-law who is a retired doctor. He told me about his initial working years after education,  about 45 years ago. At that time, he served as a doctor in a hospital located in mines. He told me about an incident involving collapse of mine during drilling in which few miners were trapped. The trapped miners were safe and a way has to be found to reach and rescue them. The authorities tried all possible methods unsuccessfully. Then, on the advise of an employee, they contacted local thieves who used to steal the valuables and make money. One of them, honestly, told the authorities about their secret way to reach the location. Using this approach, all the trapped miners were rescued within a day.

I thought this information though funny but is valuable.

LPG cylinder burst - 5 injured - police book case

In an incident, 5 kids were injured as the mini gas cylinder on which the house wife was preparing food at the time of the incident. Leaking gas caught fire and the house wife tried to extinguish the fire by turning upside down of the cylinder and rubbing over the mud floor. She also put a blanket and poured soap water to extinguish fire unsuccessfully.
The cylinder burst and metal fragments pierced into the bodies of the neighbouring children gathered around the spot. Police booked case against the house wife for causing injuries due to negligent act.
This incident is posted here as many times, cylinder blast is not detailed clearly in the reports. Whether it is gas explosion or bursting of the cylinder will not be stated clearly. Sometimes, people even say gas stove explosion leading misunderstanding of the terms and facts.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3439539.ece
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-21/hyderabad/31799865_1_cylinder-sridevi-lakshmi

Molten metal contact with water-blast-2 deaths

In an incident, while removing the stuck slag from a blast furnace with the help of a poclainer and rod, the slag along with molten metal steel came out and came in contact with the water resulting in a blast. A worker and a supervisor died in the incident due to fall of hot molten metal. The poclainer also got partially melted.
The furnace was commissioned recently.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/article3374003.ece

It is reported that the contract labour use for critical jobs also is a reason for such accidents. Unless proper training and supervision is not ensured, such incidents are bound to repeat.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/article3379616.ece

Hydrogen balloon fireball injures 140 in Armenia

Balloon fireball injures 140 in Armenia: More than 140 people have been injured after gas-filled balloons exploded at a concert in the Armenian capital ahead of parliamentary polls, officials say.
"The balloons exploded and caught fire after people holding the bunches released them from their hands into the air," a witness told AFP.
From the witness statement, it can be said that the friction between balloons in the bunch while going up could have caused this. As hydrogen can easily diffuse through rubber, it could have caught fire from the friction as the ignition energy for hydrogen is as low as 0.0017 mJ and this could have resulted in bursting of balloons and fireball. One may recall the famous Hindenburg disaster in 1937. Only the quantity of flammable substance differs but reason can be same, that of static charge generated due to friction.
Such incidents were also reported at several places. In an incident, the hydrogen balloons burst in the hands of children who suffered burn injuries.

LINK

Short circuits main cause of fire - is it so?

It is reported that 45% of the fire accidents in Hyderabad are due to short circuits and another 31% are due to lighted cigarette butts. As rightly pointed out by Addl Director of Disaster Response and Fire Services department, people tend to buy cheap quality electrical cables and equipment for buildings resulting in early damage leading to such fire incidents. It is common for investigators to conclude majority of fires to short circuit but the root cause lies in use of improper electrical wiring, switches, and other electrical fittings. Also, people fail to ensure checking the healthiness of cables and others in their building and one should remember that even the best will not come for life. It should be made mandatory to check the healthiness of electrical systems after first 15 years and thereafter once in every five years. It is better to change electrical fittings at regular periodicity, say once in 15 or 20 years. Insurance companies should not pay any compensation if the fire is due to short circuit and they should insist on certificate for healthiness of electrical systems before renewing the policies.


http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-23/hyderabad/31386060_1_fire-accidents-fire-incidents-fire-safety

Contractor and mason arrested for building collapse

In an incident of building collapse in which five workers were buried alive, police arrested the contractor as well as the mason of the building and charged them under section 304 of Indian Penal Code for causing death. Construction safety draws little attention unless otherwise reputed agencies are involved and these agencies takeup projects  only when they are of high value.
Being daily wagers, labourers are unable to demand safety at work and work under dangerous conditions to fill their stomachs. Though, Building and Other Construction Workers Act 1996 and Rules are in existence for more than a decade, its implementation is still questionable. Safety officers working for construction agencies are also toothless and they work or forced to work to the wishes of their employer and little attention is paid to the safety of the workers. Safety in such works can be improved only when the government inspectors conduct more inspections and penalize violators instead of charging the violators after the occurrence of the incidents.
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-24/hyderabad/31391977_1_building-collapse-town-planning-school-building

Your Place: Rid your home of toxic chemicals - KansasCity.com

Your Place: Rid your home of toxic chemicals - KansasCity.com

LINK

Chemical agent plant construction paused to improve safety » Local News » The Richmond Register

Construction of a pilot plant was stopped by Bechtel Parsons Blue Grass to review safety systems, procedures, create safety awareness among the employees, etc after the occurrence of four accidents involving cuts and bruises and two near miss incidents. This action is commendable, as normally nobody stops the work even after the occurrence of major accidents and try to bargain with regulators to start the work at the earliest. Such actions will resulting in increased confidence among the employees and help in achieving a better work place.


Chemical agent plant construction paused to improve safety » Local News » The Richmond Register

LINK

Thai PM orders assessment of all factories every 3 months

To assess the risk of chemicals used in the factories, quarterly assessment by factory visits was order by Thai PM. Though, this may happen in the beginning, it is difficult to sustain in the long run unless otherwise, sufficient number of factory inspectors with authority are available. Governments should also consider safety promotion by penalizing/rewarding the factories. If a factory's safety performance is consistently good over a period of time, say five years without any accident, tax benefits or discounts in insurance premiums  may be provided. Similarly,  if safety performance is not good, they should be taxed more or insurance premium should be enhanced. This may lead to hiding the accident data. Therefore, all accidents should be registered by factories in a government website and be publicly available. If there is any non-reporting, it can be brought to the notice of the government and they should be rewarded sufficiently and their identity be protected governments can announce rewards to factory workers to bring to their notice, by giving cash rewards. Further, the identity of these persons should be protected.
PM orders assessment of all factories every 3 months

LINK

Unemployment leads to drop in injuries?

As per a study in UK, there were 1.5 million workplace accidents and injuries ranging from paper cut to serious chemical burns. Over last 10 years when unemployment rose by 65%, for 100,000 workers, fatalities dropped from 0.9 to 0.5, major accidents by 11% (to 99 in 2011), 3-day absence injuries by 48% (to 363). The reasons cited are, reduction in man power needs due to technological improvements thus reducing man-machine contact, realization by companies that safety investment pays in the long term by reduction in claims, non-reporting, etc.

http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/4/prweb9347738.htm