Fires

Every day we are seeing some news on accidents here and there. Many of these seem to be avoidable with their own common sense, while others could have been avoided with supervision and monitoring.

We do not pay attention to the work we are doing. An oversight even momentarily leads to the initiation of events ultimately resulting in accidents with or without injury. 

Some incidents are like, the person wants to complete the allotted work quickly so that either he can do more and get financial benefit, or leave the workplace either for rest or go away for some personal work. These things do happen when time discipline is not followed. Greediness is another reason. In these cases, supervision to ensure SOP compliance as well as to ensure shopfloor attendance for the allotted shift schedule is essential. We should not encourage to do work by circumventing the safe work procedure or standard operating procedure to get more output. These will result in accidents for sure. This can be compared to overspeed driving. 

Similarly, as summer is approaching, already many fire incidents are reported in the media. Many are attributed to short circuits. But, why the factories/buildings should have faulty wiring. Is not the responsibility of the owner who is running the operations, to check and ensure that his property is safe and no interruption takes place because of such incidents. Huge property losses are reported from the fire incidents with the well-known / widely reported reason of short circuit. 

Insurance firms should ensure the compulsory submission of annual audits from recognized agencies by the firms for the renewal of insurance. Any addition of electricity load also shall not be done without certification from the auditing agency. This is required to ensure that the wiring, distribution boards, protection systems and supply systems are suitable to take the proposed loads. 

Local bodies also shall not give additional electricity loads unless such certifications are submitted and are verified by the agency.

A fire incident will not only damage the particular firm due to its fault but also endangers nearby buildings and their occupants. This also puts the lives of firefighters at risk during their work for fire extinguishing.  Thus, local governments and agencies have every right to get audits before permitting additional loads or works.

Fatal fire in a multistorey building in Kolkota

In a fire incident that happened yesterday at about 1810 hr on the 13th floor of a building, seven persons including firefighters and police lost their lives. It is reported that the personnel used the elevator/lift to reach the site quickly. In the process due to heat on the floor and asphyxiation, they choked and died. 

The general safety principle is not to use the lift in a fire as hot gases will flow upwards in the fire due to draft and can cause choking of persons inside. Also, it is likely that the fire can damage the metallic body, lifting cables and electrical cables endangering the persons inside. Also, Lift doors can get jammed due to hot conditions and trap the persons inside.  Hence, it is always advised not to use a lift but to use stairs in case of fire.

Further, to make a foolproof system, it is better to interlock such that the power supply to the lift will be cut off in the event of fire detection and the lift will go only to the next level and stop there and doors are opened automatically.

https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kolkata-7-dead-in-fire-at-strand-road-eastern-railway-building-7220006/

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/kolkata-fire-breaks-out-in-multi-storeyed-building/articleshow/81396334.cms

https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/6-feared-dead-in-fire-at-high-rise-in-kolkata-2386463

Importance of readily available data for preventing disasters - an article

Recently, I came across an article from Kinsmen Group, as given below. It discussed the importance of readily available data on workplace activities and incidents to prevent workplace disasters and protect the employees. It is called smart data, in the news item. 

Following are some of the issues and observations made (data seems to be for USA):

1. As per OSHA and Labour department, in the year 2019, more than 5000 persons died 9,00,000 were injured at workplace.
2. Companies spend an average USD 7,500 for each lost-time workplace injury (we can call this as direct cost). Other costs consist of replacement of damaged equipment, reconstruction of facilities, compensation, etc. (As per theory, direct cost is only like a tip of the iceberg. And, cost of preventing an accident will be only about one fourth of the direct cost).
3. As per National Safety Council, cost of workplace injuries in the year 2018 was USD 170 billion.
4. Each fatality costs USD 1.0 million in medical costs, employer costs, and wage losses
5. In a fatal fire and explosion incident, it seems, the emergency personnel do not have information of chemicals involved, otherwise, they could have saved the lives. 
6. Digitization and availability of data easily is not yet compulsory by many certification agencies. Organizations follow data retrieval in general age old methods like physical search instead of going for easy methods by using the computer/cloud technology/internet
7. Data should be latest

Many of us definitely would have spent a lot of time in search of some information. It is my personal experience that on most of the occasions, I spent more than two hours to retrieve, and sometimes more than one person was engaged for information retrieval. And, on some occasions, I didn't find what I want. Availability of signed information will help us to support what remember/believe and use it to convince others for implementation of safety or whatever we would like to.

Digitizing the records with a provision to search will be helpful for us and our future generation. Some believe digitization means scanning the documents. But scanning without search option makes it useless. It is a primitive form. Instead of paper search, we have to search in computer page by page. Indexing these types of scanned pages may make life somewhat better. But, if scanning of documents is in readable text form to enable search with key words, and is available in encrypted form in cloud, like dropbox, mega, onedrive, pcloud, etc and is accessible with password protection to prevent unauthorized access, it will help a lot for productive use. 

Searchable scanned records helped us greatly in the analysis of similar incidents and find suitable solutions to prevent recurrence of the incidents for a safe workplace  

Updating of data is a continuous process. 

Knowledge management is very important and critical to ensure safe productivity. World renowned safety professional Dr Trevor Kletz stated in one of his books (What Went Wrong) that incidents keep repeating either in the same or different similar organizations. We have to learn from them and implement measures to prevent recurrence.

Another safety professional Mr O.P.Kharbanda stated in a booklet about Bhopal accident, that Safety is not costly. In fact, it is free. What we need is the will to implement. 

In one of the investigation reports, EPA made an observation which states, it is not the lack of knowledge that is responsible for the accident. It is the lack of use of the available information that is responsible for the accident.

How we can get the information at first place. If it is made available in a readily searchable form and is known the personnel how to use it, then this information management will help to achieve what we intended to.

Qualified technologies and personnel should be assigned for this and definitely organizations will reap the benefits from this.

https://www.prweb.com/releases/two_strategies_help_prevent_workplace_disasters_protect_employees_with_smart_data/prweb17681313.htm

Telangana State Disaster Response and Fire Services (TSDRFS) Department - achievements

The department during the year 2020 attended 7,899 calls as per the data published in its site. 

Telangana State Disaster Response and Fire Services Department

With its dedicated efforts, it saved 1005 lives and saved property worth Rs 960 crores. 

During the last seven years, it saved 2,301 lives and property worth Rs 4,667 crore in more than 62,000 calls attended.

Majority of the fires took place in residences, factories, storage yards, etc. Two major reasons for the fires are electrical short circuit and careless smoking habits. 

As is a common feature, many times, the approach of emergency services to the fire site will be delayed due to traffic, encroachments, parking of vehicles on the roads,  etc. Many do not keep parking areas within the buildings. Instead, public areas are used for parking. The entrance steps and/or ramps to many buildings will be on the road, thereby reducing the road width. 

When buildings collapse due to fire or other reasons, because of above reasons, the available road will be filled with debris or parked vehicles prevent approach of fire services and this makes the fire fighting / rescue task very difficult. 

National Building Code gives the requirements clearly with sufficient offsets / margins. Similarly, while seeking approvals from local government authorities, these margins may be shown in the drawing, but when comes to subsequent construction, hardly any space is kept free.

But, who will suffer. These building owners and tenants only will suffer in an emergency due to restricted access. But, the department and police will receive flak for not reaching in time or not able to extinguish / contain the fire.

Inspite of all these limitations, still the above numbers speak the invaluable contribution. And, one should not forget the risk taken by them. While risking their lives, they struggle to protect the lives and property. One may comment that they take salary, but who will risk their life for salary. It is their selfless dedicated action in the service of the public, that needs appreciation.

At least 8 students, 1 teacher injured in chemical fire at Hendersonville school

At least 8 students, 1 teacher injured in chemical fire at Hendersonville school: An official with the Hendersonville Fire Department said 17 students and one teacher were either triaged at the scene or transported to local hospitals.

During an experiment in lab by students to see change of flame colours of different salts, the incident happened. The incident appears to have happened to demonstrate rainbow flame by adding different salts to ignited ethyl alcohol. A flash fire occurred lasting 3-5 seconds.

In laboratories, will be working with known/unknown materials. The awareness on lab safety particularly in schools/colleges is generally low compared to industrial safety. Knowledge on properties of chemicals, methods to avoid hazards, control and mitigation measures, use of personal protective equipment, etc will help in avoid consequences from the work. Making safety principles as a topic in every subject let it be science / engineering / arts can help improving awareness.


https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/education/wp/2018/05/09/a-classroom-science-experiment-turned-into-a-chemical-fire-injuring-17/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.f3e0c55beb7f


http://www.wsmv.com/story/38149598/principal-8-students-1-teacher-injured-in-fire-at-hendersonville-school

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/high-school-chemistry-lab-fire-prompts-warnings-for-science-teachers/2015/11/05/eb78543e-8312-11e5-9afb-0c971f713d0c_story.html?utm_term=.4025ee47ffa1

http://www.wkrn.com/top-news/chemistry-safety-experts-warn-schools-to-stop-unsafe-science-demonstrations/1172474948

Fire and explosion in pharma factory

In an incident of explosions in pharmaceutical factories that stored combustible chemicals, one person died, few persons suffered burn injuries, 3 of them serious. As per the reports, it is not clear whether it is boiler explosion or chemical reactor explosion.  Blast could be felt 12 km from the factory site. Window panes of buildings at 3 km were shattered.

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/four-injured-in-explosions-at-tarapur-midc-units/articleshow/63225257.cms

http://indianexpress.com/article/india/maharashtra-blast-fire-in-chemical-unit-in-palghar-5091363/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNJ-w6eEI3k


Additional info.: 3 persons die in the accident

http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/city-others/three-die-in-tarapur-industrial-unit-set-up-in-1978-tarapur-midc-has-an-infamous-history-of-accidents-5092536/

One will be surprised with statements in the report!!!

14 killed in roof top pub fire at Mumbai

In a fire incident at a roof top pub fire at 0100 hr (in the early morning hours), at least 14 persons lost their lives.
About 50 persons were taken to hospital. Most died due to suffocation.
The bamboo roof caught fire and fell down.

As per reports, the deficiencies observed are, not having trained personnel for fire fighting, non-functioning of fire fighting equipment, only one staircase for entry/exit, blocking of fire exit.

https://in.yahoo.com/news/mumbai-fire-live-violations-blaze-063005882.html

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/14-killed-as-fire-engulfs-mumbai-pub/article22328388.ece


https://m.timesofindia.com/city/mumbai/above-the-law-14-die-as-blaze-guts-2-illegal-terrace-resto-bars/articleshow/62301543.cms?intenttarget=no&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Top_Headlines

Grenfell Tower fire - Release of hydrogen cyanide during fire is suspected as reason for deaths

http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/819869/Grenfell-Tower-deaths-toxic-gas-insulation-Polyisocyanurate-Building-cladding-London

As per experts opinion, that appeared in an article, the tower building outside had 150 mm thick insulation boards containing polyisocyanurate with aluminum foil clad. These boards released dangerous hydrogen cyanide gas upon exposure to fire.

Many household items, vehicles, furniture, etc use a range of products that are made having chemical compounds and these materials release dangerous toxic gases upon exposure to heat.

Still we use, attracted by colours, price, etc.

Fatal oil tanker fire - greed of persons to collect oil

http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2017/jun/25/death-toll-in-pakistan-tanker-fire-climbs-to-153-1620712.html

Fire from overturned oil tanker causes more than 150 deaths. Upon hearing the news of fallen tanker, nearby residents rushed to collect and died from the flames. They should have thought of fire hazard. No amount of training can help in such cases. Greediness is the culprit.

Blast/explosion during welding on oil tanker dismantling causes deaths/injuries

Loud blast due to explosion during welding on a oil tanker parked in ship breaking yard, caused more than 10 deaths and injuries to about 50 persons. 8 explosions took place during the incident. A fire followed the explosion. Rescue efforts were hindered due to explosions and fire.
It is stated that about 100 persons were working in the ship tanker at the time of the incident.
To protect themselves, some of the workers jumped in to the sea, after the explosion.

The photos of the incident reveal massive destruction can be seen.


Earlier, three months ago, in another blast during explosion on a oil tanker in oil terminal, during welding, three persons died and two were injured.

Need for fire NOC should be made compulsory for all buildings irrespective of heights and nature of activities

As per legislations, generally, fire no objection certificate (NOC) is issued by concerned fire service department, if the height of the building is above 15 m.
However, this requirement needs to be changed to all buildings, irrespective of height and use.
Many fire incidents are attributed to short circuits, as we read from news papers.
Some incidents are due to materials handled in the buildings, and these buildings / dwellings are not necessarily above 15 m height.
Many use part of the house/commercial complex as storage of substances, solvents, fire crackers, etc legally / illegally.
Some may not intend to use the building initially for dangerous substances, but later on, may use for the same. The initial conditions are not valid, later.
All the above, make one to feel it necessary for legislations that require fire NOC, apart from other requirements, mandatory.

Termites eat currency notes kept in bank locker - to be careful next time!

A woman found her currency of Rs 1,00,000/- kept in a bank locker was consumed by termites.

As per bank, it can be replaced only if damaged in fire or stolen. But, bank accepted application for possible replacement.

https://in.news.yahoo.com/surat-termites-eat-rs-1-042100945.html

Locking of emergency door leads to death in a fire incident

An explosion and fire during filling of gas cylinders led to the death of a person (apprentice) doing the work. The main door was blocked by flames. The second door was locked and could not be opened in time resulting in suffocation and burn injuries related death.

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/teenage-apprentice-died-in-gas-fire-after-bosses-padlocked-container-door-a6806316.html

Fire in an eatery kills 8 - Times of India's report

As per the reports in Times of India, 8 persons died due to fire from possible short circuit and subsequent fireball from leaking gas in an eatery.

During fire, the stairs leading to eatery in upper floor gave way, trapping the persons in it.

It is found that this eatery does not have any permission for that floor from municipal and also NOC is not obtained from fire authorities.

The manager is charged with culpable homicide not amounting murder. If proven, maximum punishment of life term is possible.

http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/fire-in-restraurant-7-from-kurla-college-among-8-dead/

NYDAILYNEWS.COM - Watch video - spider killing with lighter initiates fire at gas station

http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/kill-spider-man-sets-fire-car-mich-gas-station-article-1.2376062

Building collapse in Delhi - narrow passage hinders rescue operations

As per Times of India report, a building collapsed in Delhi, where three women died and 10 were injured.

Fire department found it difficult to approach the area due to narrow passage.

National building code and local municipal authorities specify to provide offsets on either side of the road and also in front of the buildings. But, very few comply with the requirements. People question the authorities for such requirements. Further, encroachments, unauthorised activities in the name of temporary works, parking of vehicles on road sides instead of parking inside the buildings compound the issue making it difficult for rescue teams.

Collapse of buildings also lead to fall of walls/debris on road side and for this reason, if the offsets are adhered, atleast roads will be still available. But, many buildings are constructed upto the road particularly in inner lanes and the ramp of the house generally extends on to the road. Then, vehicles parked in front of their houses as above is another issue. 

I strongly feel that the authorities should confiscate such properties and government/courts should not entertain any appeal unless requirements for space are met.

Short circuit initiated fire in Haryana transport office

A fire incident reported due to short circuit from old electrical wire cause damage of records, files, computers, etc. It is reported that recommendations of investigation committee on a fire incident in some other building last were not implemented.

Some of the recommendations are as follows:

1. ensuring obstruction free passage of 6 m width for fire tender movement
2. ensuring no parking zones around buildings for fire fighting
3. clearing / pruning trees/lobbies/extensions, etc for fire ladder movement
4. removing wooden partitions thus reducing fire load
5. regular checking 
6. keeping balconies/staircases/emergency escape routes free from obstructions (it is common to see many office building corridors filled with broken chairs, cupboards, coffee/tea vending machines, old record bundles, etc)

Apart from the above, we have to ensure availability and functioning of fire detectors and fire fighting system (hydrants, hoses, fire water storage, pumps, emergency power supply to these pumps, fire hoses, training). Regular drills should be conducted to know drawbacks in the system and make improvements.

Fire & Explosion Prevention Strategy in Refineries

Please see the LINK on the above article with download link. The download PDF document lists hazards in LPG bullet area, fireball radius, thermal radiation, probability lethalities, etc

Teacher gets burns during demo in the chemistry class

In a fire incident, a teacher got first and second degree burns while conducting an experiment in front of the students in a chemistry class. The school science classrooms had emergency showers and the teacher doused flames by using it.
It is highly appreciable that the school management has kept emergency showers in the classroom which is rare.
However, one could have checked the material safety data sheet (MSDS) for the chemicals handled before the experiment. Or, was there any slip during the experiment, though the hazards are known?

Fire during welding

A fire incident took place while welding work was in progress. The sparks caused fire involving combustibles nearby. The incident was brought under control within 10 minutes and no casualty is reported.

As a general principle, it is suggested to keep 15 m from any hot work area to keep free from combustibles to avoid sparks that can fly off that much distance. Though, this may look silly to many working agencies, but occasional fire incidents like these prove the point.

See the video , video here.

http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/fire-breaks-out-in-parliament-complex-10-fire-tenders-sent-to-control-blaze/article1-1329269.aspx