Working in rooms without sun exposure leads to vitamin D deficiency

Today's news item in Times of India 'Workaholic' city faces Vitamin D deficiency brought out important health issues to those who do not see Sun. This leads to vitamin D deficiency and can cause in lower back ache, leg pain, cramps, fatigue and weakness.The incidence rate is high among IT and medical fraternity. But, now-a-days, there are many jobs which are indoor nature. Except those in marketing who are on the roads, all others are unlikely to get exposure to sun. Many have to leave from their home in the early hours for work and return only after sunset. And, with good income and loan availability, people use cars for their travel. It is reported that sun screens, air pollution and even dark skin prevents absorption of UV rays for synthesis of vitamin D
It is mentioned that vitamin D deficiency might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. At least 50% of patients with diabetes, thyroid and bone disorders suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Doctors suggest making it mandatory to fortify milk with vitamin D, like iodized salt.
Doctors prescribing 30-minute sun exposure  daily between 11 AM to 3 PM to overcome this problem.

Slow is faster and fast is exhausting - The Slow Movement

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/people/Slow-down/articleshow/16513338.cms

Today (23.09.2012) an article appeared in Times of India's supplement on Life on "The Slow Movement".
All of us are stressed to meet the targets and in the process, though we reach our targets, we are missing the satisfaction or peace of mind at the end. One goal is reached and we set some more goals. We do not stop to enjoy the success and what for we are doing this.
In the article, a para with sub-heading "Slow is the new fast" mentions the saying of Christine Louise Hohlbaum, author of Power of Slow, as "Slow is actually faster whilst fast is merely exhausting! When you slow down long enough to actually think, you make smarter decisions, that leads to better outcomes and thereby saves you time in the long run. You learn the art of managing expectations." As Gandhi once said, "There's more to life than increasing its speed."
The above reminds me of the statement of O.P.Kharbanda on safety as, "Safety is not costly. In fact it is free." We develop myths which in reality are wrong.
'The Slow Movement' is to take a few steps back from the hurdle race, and enjoy every moment of our life. This movement advocates a cultural shift toward slowing down life's pace, and enjoy living, rather than rushing through life, as Gandhi said.
Author, journalist Carl Honore who wrote the best-selling book, In Praise of Slow, describes it as "a cultural revolution against the notion that faster is always better. The Slow Philosophy is not about doing everything at a snail's pace. It's about seeking to do everything at the right speed. Savoring the hours and minutes rather than just counting them. Doing everything as well as possible, instead of as fast as possible. It's about quality over quantity in everything from work to food to parenting."
When we do things at a faster pace, we are likely to make mistakes. We do things faster and this we couple with multi-tasking i.e for example, while we talk to client, we also think about what to talk with next client or what to do for the child at home, etc. Naturally, we don't do justice to our job. Doing one job at a time with all concentration and understanding will make us happy. It is of no use in accepting all jobs and becoming a failure at the end.

My experience in online purchase

I purchased some electronic items and books online on a few occasions in the last 4-5 years. Till date my experience was good. However, recently I booked a tablet at a website as it was the lowest price compared to other sites. Some reviews in the site showed satisfied customers. However, I did not get the item in the committed 21 days period. 

Meanwhile, I came to know about several complaints on this online shopping site in several complaint forums. I contacted the customer care and they promptly registered and sent a mail and then I got a mail from business executive saying that the product is much in demand and they need another 7-8 business days for delivery. I contacted once again after a week and this time my mail to a contact mail ID resulted in automated reply to file complaint through their website, in which I did not register while ordering the tablet. After some attempts with customer care, finally I got the item. 

The above experience taught me a lesson to search for complaints on the site which we want to use in internet, so that we can take an informed decision.

There is a website www.akosha.com in which one can file their complaint against the companies. Depending upon the work, they do for free or charge some amount. The representatives will try to resolve the issue and if not possible at the end, they help the aggrieved to file complaint in local consumer forum.

Ergonomic hazards for dentists

Sometime back, I visited a dentist for tooth extraction and root canal treatment (RCT). Recently, my spouse too had dental care for which I accompanied her. I found that dentists have to stand for 30-45 minutes for 3-4 teeth extraction and if it is tough tooth, more time is required. Further, due to limitations like access, illumination and view, dentists struggle to hold the tooth and extract or give RCT. The patient will be bearing the pain. But, at the same time dentist too suffers as he has to take various postures to do his work. It is my opinion that dentists will suffer back, neck, wrist and palm related problems over a period of time, if they do not limit their work hours and do not take gaps between their consultations/dental work. However, dentists appear to be very busy with their appointment diary full. Some yoga or similar exercises also will help in maintaining a good health to dentists.

Some of the hazards to dentists and patients during their work are,

• touching different patients sometimes with bare hands
• splashing of water droplets on them
• poor ventilation
• need to answer calls from mobiles with fingers that have touched already the patient, leading to spread of bacteria
• use of common items like vaseline, cotton, bottles, etc which will be used for other patients also

Liposuction - precautions to be taken

It is reported in a local daily that a person died due to infection spread in the body after injury to intestines during liposuction in which about 12 kg fat was removed instead of below 6 kg. 

Generally, liposuction process is used for removal of fat at one place and if body mass index, BMI is more than 32.5. Otherwise, one has to go for bariatric surgery. 90% of persons gain their weight in two years after the liposuction.

The risks in liposuction can be read here.http://ehealthmd.com/content/liposuction-what-are-risks

Information about bariatric surgery can be found here. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bariatric_surgery

What Confuses Everybody About Universal Wastes? Lamps

What Confuses Everybody About Universal Wastes? Lamps

Questions exist in minds of persons about how to handle mercury/fluorescent lamps as they contain some amount of mercury, which is highly toxic and is hazardous. Instructions are not available from the manufacturers to address the issue. Can we dump it as municipal waste or treat it as hazardous waste is a question needs to be answered. In view of lack of guidelines, managements often question the cost of treating and land filling these lamps as hazardous waste. The above link gives some guidelines in this regard. It is stated that as per Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), if the mercury concentration is less than 0.2 mg/lit, it can be treated as municipal waste. As per EPA observation, most of the mercury lamps fail the test.

Popcorn lung affected person awarded US $7.2 million

A person was awarded US $ 7.2 million having been affected with popcorn lung problem i.e  a form of obstructive lung disease that makes it difficult for air to flow out of the lungs and is irreversible, due to the inhalation of artificial butter flavor chemical (diacetyl) in the microwave popcorn, which he ate daily.  It is reported that he ate two bags daily for 10 years. He claimed that there are no warning labels on the popcorn bags about the dangers. Though the manufacturing company and super market that sold popcorn argued that the person got the problem from chemicals he used for years in his profession as a carpet cleaner, jurors agreed to the compensation claims made by the affected person.

http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504763_162-57516710-10391704/colorado-man-wayne-watson-wins-$7-million-in-popcorn-lung-lawsuit/ 

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Colorado-man-wins-7-2m-in-damages-for-popcorn-lung/articleshow/16483617.cms

It is reported that major manufacturers of popcorn stopped using diacetyl and are using 2,3-pentanedione which is also found to be a respiratory hazard. 

http://www.livescience.com/23360-microwave-popcorn-lung.html

The symptoms of popcorn lung disease include, scarring and hardening of lung tissue, dry cought, shortness of breath, night sweats, fever, skin peeling. 

Information on flavor related lung disease can be found from NIOSH website here. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/flavorings/

Statement from former Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission, India - Nuclear power is safe

Please read the link http://in.news.yahoo.com/nuclear-power-safe-air-travel-kakodkar-093819120.html. Different people see differently of various options for electric power generation. People oppose setting up of mines, power generation plants, let it be hydel, coal, gas, nuclear based plants. They say it is better to go for solar/wind/geothermal/tidal power. But, any small increase increase in the unit price will draw huge protests. But, at the same time, everybody wants cheap electricity for their homes and to energize their power operated equipment. Nobody wants to use simple methods which our parents and their parents used and also no attempt is made to reduce wastage of power.
Imagine what will happen to human beings after 50-100 years when all fossil fuels are exhausted. What amount of hazardous waste will be generated in the form of batteries that are required for storing the power generated from solar/wind based plants.
When people are requested to stop power for one hour to observe 'earth hour', hardly anybody switches off power, because we can't live without power even for one hour. If power plants trip or shutdown and power disruption occurs, hundreds will call offices of local power distribution companies immediately to know about power restoration. This is the state of affairs.
A balanced view has to be taken and go for options in which benefits far outweigh the risks. Talking from air conditioned rooms without considering the sufferings of common man will not help. Today, contribution from nuclear  power may be less, but when all other resources are exhausted and then going for nuclear or any other source is definitely not a viable option. The way we manage our limited income and try to build retirement corpus, we have to manage by using power from all sources and also get ready for future.

Reasons for injuries

Four states of mind are responsible for 90% of injuries at home and work place.  The four states are rushing, frustration, fatigue and complacency. The errors they lead to are failure to keep eyes on task, failure to keep mind on task, moving into or being in the line of fire and somehow losing balance, traction or grip.

Read the full article here.

Combustible Dusts: The Hazards & How to Control Them

SafetySmart Compliance » Blog Archive Combustible Dusts: The Hazards & How to Control Them

LINK

Banana benefits for workers of chemical factories

In a major fire incident on 5 Sep 2012 in a fire cracker manufacture unit at Sivakasi, more than 35 persons died and several were injured. Some of the died were those who went for rescue. In different news reports, it is stated that the rooms where crackers are made are totally congested with little free space and with Diwali festival approaching, the finished products in cartons were stored in the same rooms where crackers are being made.
In a news report, which I am unable to get link, I read that the chemical fumes / dust in the work atmosphere is recognized by factory managements and in some factories, workers are give banana allowance of Rs 35/week so that workers can eat bananas and get rid of ill effects of chemicals entering the digestive track.

This reminds me of my experience ten years ago in a chlorine manufacturing unit, where I attended a two-day  training programme on safe handling of chemicals. As a part of the programme, the organizers demonstrated handling of chlorine emergencies by using emergency tool kit, transfer of chlorine from one tonner to another by opening the valve of a tonner. Before start of this demo, they gave jaggery to all participants standing in a circle around the tonner and were asked to keep it in the mouth and swallow the jaggery juices forming in the mouth. The reason told was that it will help in clearing the throat choking if and when we are exposed to chlorine accidentally. Similarly, pipper mint also will help in same manner.

So, there are some cheap and workable methods that help us from ill effects of chemicals and can be followed.

http://www.indianexpress.com/news/at-least-54-killed-50-injured-in-fire-at-sivakasi-cracker-unit/998193/0
http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article3862000.ece
http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/major-fire-at-sivakasi-cracker-unit-leaves-scores-dead_797872.html
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-10/news/33737341_1_sivakasi-cracker-makers-illegal-units

Worker dies of acid burns

In an incident, when four workers were cleaning an acid tank in a factory, acid and other chemicals fell on the persons and one died while others suffered burn injuries. It is not clear from the news report, how acid fell but clearly it is a work in confined space and one has to take all precautions for such jobs to avoid such incidents. The minimum precautions to be taken are,

1. List out safe procedure, job hazard analysis and ensure safety measures for identified hazards
2. Obtain safety work permit
3. Empty the contents from the tank by pumping / draining
4. Clean the tank by water circulation or with suitable medium and test for presence of acid by sampling the circulated water
5. Isolate all inlet lines positively by inserting a blind/slip plate and not by merely closing the valves as leaking of valves is possible
6. Display caution boards at the tank pump switches for not to operate and about the work in progress and if available, remove the fuses and keep in safe custody
7. Ensure LOTO
8. Open the vent lines and admit compressed air to ensure oxygen levels at the actual place of work same as that of atmospheric air
9. Use only 24 V supply for electrical fittings inside 
10. Provide proper access and illumination 
11. Ensure work area and escape routes are free from obstructions
12. Inform medical and fire teams about nature of work and location, before start of work
13. Ensure proper breathing air set suitable for use in case of emergency, or ensure BA set use during entire work
14. Follow buddy system by having one person outside to watch for every person inside
15. Ensure to engage only medically fit personnel for the job and brief the hazards, safety measures and emergency procedures to be followed
16. Carry out trial run before start of work
17. Ensure continuous competent supervision during entire period of work

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/article3902905.ece?textsize=small&test=2

Tablet chokes 12 year old kid

A 12 year old kid chokes to death after swallowing a deworming tablet.http://m.timesofindia.com/city/hyderabad/12-year-old-chokes-on-tablet-dies/articleshow/16415326.cms

The kid died due to suffocation after tsking the tablet. This can happen to even elders if not taken without water.

Lab accidents are scary-An article from Science 2.0

http://www.science20.com/chemical_education/why_scary_lab_accidents_happen-93815
The above link is about the experience of a chemist. It should be read by chemists to have a feel about the need for lab safety and what can go wrong if you dont know about all implications before taking up your experiment.

Earth quake prediction - professional hazards

http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/science-scope/why-cant-we-predict-earthquakes-yet/13648?tag=nl.e662&s_cid=e662

The above article is about why it is difficult to predict earth quakes. It is stated that in Italy, six seismologists were tried for manslaughter for failing to predict. This is outrageous. And indicates professional hazard. The person who filed case charging the scientists should be tried first about his understanding of earth quakes and how others failed.

Woman found dead, gas leak suspected - Indian Express

Woman found dead, gas leak suspected - Indian Express

In an incident reported, a woman and two stray dogs were found dead in the sleep allegedly due to toxic gas leak from a waste transfer pipe passing through the area from industry to treatment plant. From this, it appears that there is no monitoring mechanism to assess healthiness of the piping. Whether any pipe markers with identification are in place or not is to be seen. In such a state, if somebody digs for something, he can encounter the pipe and any damage can cause jetting of the effluent from the pipe endangering the surroundings. How permission was given to lay the pipe across in the public area also should be enquired.

Know about eye wash shower

An article in detail about eye wash shower location and care to be taken is available in the following link.

http://www.chemicalplantsafety.net/safety-equipment/what-you-need-to-know-about-eye-washer/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ChemicalPlantSafety+%28Chemical+Plant+Safety+Resources%29

I learnt from this that the eye wash shower should be reachable in 10 seconds, to be located at same level of hazard area and dust covers should be provided to avoid contamination.

It is also stated that ANSI requires 30-90 psi pressure. It is my feeling that high pressure water should not be used as in the literature, hazards of high pressure water jets on eyes state damage to the eyes.

As per Indian Standard, the pressure to be maintained is 196 kpa i.e about 30 psi and 16 lpm flow rate for eye wash fountain and for emergency shower, it should be 110 lpm. As per this standard, it should be located within 15 m distance from chemical handling area.

The reason for minimum 15 minute cleaning is that even after this much cleaning, only about 95% chemical is washed off, which I read in internet written by an author from US about HF splash on the lab coat. I used to explain this to my audience in the training programmes about the necessity for washing atleast 15 minutes. Otherwise, human tendency is to wash till such irritation exists. However, the vapors from the chemical soaked cloth can continue to expose the persons and cause health effects later. And, HF will show delayed effects affecting lungs and exposed persons can die due to odema.

Safety during excavation

Following link from SafetySmart provides tips about safety during excavation.

http://www.safetysmart.com/safetysmart/resources/view.aspx?id=428&articleId=957&utm_source=pardot&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Bongarde#.UEdzpbLibRs

There are many more precautions to be taken about safe distances to be maintained for keeping the excavated soil, provision of ladders for use in emergency, display of cautionary signs, etc.

Punishment for felling trees

A property owner was booked with case under AP WALTA (Andhra Pradesh Water, Land and Tree Act 2002) for felling three trees (gulmohar, fountain and rubber trees) in the municipal area adjacent to his property. The officials on the way to their work found this and booked a case under WALTA. They also want to book a case for damaging government property. 

As per the Act, unless it endangers life or property, one can not cut trees or its branches. For this also, permission is to be obtained from District Forest Officer. 

The penalties for first offence range from 2-5 times the value of the tree and repeat offence will attract double  penalty. 

Though I heard about this Act long time ago through one of my colleagues, this is the first time to my knowledge that somebody is slapped with case for tree cutting.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Owner-lands-in-trouble-for-felling-old-trees-on-property/articleshow/15968255.cms

http://www.apard.gov.in/walta-act.pdf

http://www.krdrillers.com/ap_waltaact.pdf

SafetySmart Compliance » Blog Archive The James Beals Tragedy: The Price of Neglecting Confined Spaces Safety

SafetySmart Compliance » Blog Archive The James Beals Tragedy: The Price of Neglecting Confined Spaces Safety

The above link is about confined space tragedy in which a person died due to asphyxiation. Oxygen levels should be measured at the actual place of work before entry and every time before entry so that safe work atmosphere can be checked and ensured. Confined space hazard evaluation should be carried out however short the work is and do not believe by words but verify safe work atmosphere with measurements before entering the confined space.

Fire safety in theatres

Andhra Pradesh Government asked movie theatre owners to ensure fire safety. As per the fire department, all the theatres should ensure availability of atleast 10000 lit water in a tank, an earmarked area for fire engine, battery backup, emergency lights, fire alarms, public address system, etc. Government did not agree that most of the single screen theatres were setup long ago. Such arguments appear to the common man that theatre managements are compromising their safety. Strict punishments awarded few years ago to the owners and concerned government authorities for the tragedy in Uphar theatre in Delhi should be remembered by all. As per the news reports, theatre managements also realized for ensuring fire safety in their theatres.

Few years ago, traffic police department released a small video for screening in theatres in which the person purchasing the ticket enquires ticket counter person fire safety of the theatre.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Plea-for-theatre-ticket-hike-meets-fire-wall/articleshow/15576790.cms

Scaffolding with stairs

Recently, in a construction site for a metro rail project, I saw scaffolding with stairs within it to reach the work place at height. Further full barricading sheets all along the work place, warning lamps for night riders, radiating tapes, illumination,  latest concrete transfer machines with minimum space occupied on the road and persons to direct the traffic are provided to reduce inconvenience to  commuters. It is heartening to see such safety measures by the contractor for the workers.  Generally, it is rare to see such access provisions at construction sites and they try to make money not using safety wear. Every construction site should follow good practices as above so that workers, public and authorities will be satisfied with the work.

Lab safety

http://www.chemicalplantsafety.net/lab-safety/most-noticeable-lab-safety-equipment/

About fire extinguishers

http://www.chemicalplantsafety.net/fire-extinguishers/9-important-facts-about-fire-extinguisher-you-should-know/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ChemicalPlantSafety+%28Chemical+Plant+Safety+Resources%29

Who is responsible for regulating the factories?

After a fire incident in an ink factory and godown (see previous post) where fire services fought for 22 hours to control the fire, it is not clear which government department is responsible for looking after safety. Pollution control board feels the factory/godown does not come under them as it is not polluting. Industries department, a single window, says it is only for facilitation. Factories department too is not responsible as the factory in question employs less than 10 employees. The role of municipality which gave water connection and that of electricity department that provided electrical connection is not known.
From the above, it is really surprising how safety of the employees, public and environment can be ensured and this can be the reason for existence of illegal units in industrial areas.
This calls for changes in the Acts such that however small and whatever be the nature of operation, permissions should be obtained from departments of factories, pollution control, explosives, electricity, municipality, fire, health, police, etc and then only the local revenue or some identified department permits setting up of the plant.
It is mandatory even for shops to register with local municipality and pay taxes as required. Hence, the ambiguity in safety during industrial activity must be removed by proper legislation.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Factory-fire-Govt-departments-pass-the-buck/articleshow/15523227.cms

Conveyor belt fire in a thermal plant - 4 killed

In a fire incident yesterday in the afternoon hours, on the moving conveyor belt of a thermal plant where through which coal is transferred to crusher before using for heating, four persons died due to severe burns and six others received burn injuries. The employees working in the area spotted fire on the moving belt and rushed to extinguish. When the fire grew big uncontrollably, they tried to escape and jumped 25 m down on coal heaps.
It is not clear whether the conveyor belt was halted by pull-chord / emergency switch when it caught fire and whether there is regular cleaning of the conveyor belt and rollers system to clean the dust collected.
4 killed in thermal plant fire

LINK

Fire in a chemical godown

A fire occurred yesterday (15.08.2012) at about 1000 hr in a chemical godown that stored solvent drums. It is reported that nobody was injured. However, 150 tins of solvents and thinners stored in ground and first first floor were gutted. The compound wall and first floor got collapsed in the fire incident and it took more than 8 hr to control the fire by using water and foam. The people in nearby areas suffered breathing problems due to chemical pollutants in the atmosphere due to fire. 

As it is claimed nobody was present during that time, the reason for fire is not known. I am unable to guess the reason for fire. It could be due to accumulation of solvent vapors and insufficient ventilation and the ignition source can be some glowing lamp. 

It is reported that there are many chemical godowns in the area that does not have permission from PCB authorities. There should be a single window system for clearing industrial activities wherein all concerned departments like factory department, pollution control board, water authority, electricity authority, police department, revenue department, health department, etc scrutinize the applications and then only authorize for setting up the facility and permit connections for electricity, water, etc.
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/article3778402.ece

http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20120815/2044726.html

Chevron's safety record hit by accidents

A spate of accidents in Chevron Corporation reveals a lot is to be done by oil industry as even the best organization with commitment to safety suffers from accidents. The statistics are wonderful with an incident rate of 0.2 per million man-hours worked. Though there are organizations where zero accident rate is reported for many years, the approach and methodology varies from industry to industry.
There are many organizations where safety is only a stage talk and give least importance in practice. Unless everybody from top to bottom assume responsibility for safety, no organization however best it is, will fail and therefore needs continuous vigil on its operations so that accidents do not occur.
http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Chevron-s-safety-record-hit-by-accidents-3791793.php#page-1

Act on near misses instead of cleaning after accidents

In an article,  http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/08/st_essay_close_calls/, it is stated that there is an 80% drop in serious accidents at Dow Chemical after the company implemented close call reporting. Though, it looks cumbersome and time consuming initially to act upon the near misses, it is an opportunity to purge the system of unsafe conditions and will be prove beneficial in the long run to the organisation. Managers should encourage their employees to report all near misses and appreciate them instead of chiding them and be grateful to the workers for reporting near misses.

Contract workers - no concern for their safety?

Safety of contract workers is given less importance compared to regular employees. In industrial areas, we can find this difference glaringly. Even the contractor who provides manpower also is not concerned though he may be charging the organization for use of safety appliances by his personnel. These daily wage earners are treated like no entity and the contractors who earn money by using these people are nothing short of leeches. Factory managements and factory inspectors should penalize heavily such contractors so that they feel it is better to provide safety appliances rather than paying the penalty. Ordering the closure of factory also will do good as managements can ensure safety for contract workers also by whatever means it is appropriate. Sometime back I listened to a talk wherein the speaker said that the contractor will be penalized Rs. 5,000/- for every violation and this money is credited into safety awareness fund. After three violations, the contractor will be blacklisted. I feel such measures will help in creating awareness by force among all and ensure safety for all.

Fire in Tamilnadu Express train on 30.07.2012 at 0420 hr

In a train fire incident on 30.07.2012 at about 0420 hr in Tamilnadu Express train that travels from New Delhi to Chennai, 32 passengers died and 28 received burn injuries, a few them in critical state. The incident took place immediately after the train crossed the Nellore railway station (the train after a stop at Vijayawada stops only at its terminal stop i.e. Chennai central, running nonstop for 7 hours between these two stations  covering 430 km distance). The station master or others at Nellore did not see any thing wrong while the train passed but an alert gateman of a level crossing at about a  kilometer from Nellore railway station saw flames from the toilet of S-11 coach and alerted the station. When someone pulled chain, the train stopped after travelling for about 5 minutes. 

Various news reports say the train travelling at 80-110 kmph and at the time of the incident, all four doors of the coach and windows are in closed condition due to rains. A loud sound was heard between berths 40 & 44 as told by survivors and the escape of passengers inside was restricted due to unauthorized passengers sleeping on aisle in the coach, fire in the vestibule connecting S-11 and S-10 coaches, jamming of the three doors out of four and one out of two emergency escape windows due to heat. (In every coach, generally side lower berths will be under reservation-against-cancellation (RAC) with two passengers sitting on the berth and it is likely that one of the two in every berth may sleep on the aisle or space between main berths). Few lucky escaped through S-12 coach. Piling of dead bodies near the door is an indication of inability of passengers to escape due to jamming of doors. At the time of the incident, a long goods train with two engines passed for five minutes and thus nobody could escape for that period from the emergency window by which time many succumbed due to asphyxiation and burns. It is reported that fire tenders reach by 0445 hour and used gas cutters to open the doors for fire fighting.

Various theories are reported for the reason as below.

1. Finding of a kerosene can wrapped in a jute bag in the gutted coach, leading to sabotage theory.
2. Short circuit in the battery power supply unit, with sparks flying to ceiling fan near the gate leading to spread of fire. It is reported that 110 V supply is used in the trains and this is unlikely to lead to short circuit.

Similar fire earlier on 31.07.2008 at 0000 hr in Goutami Express near Kesamudram in Warangal district with fire starting from the toilet of S-10 coach spreading the fire to S-11, S-12 caused 32 deaths.

A committee constituted by former railway minister with Dr.Anil Kakodkar as Chairman observed that most of the train fire incidents took place between 0200 and 0600 hr due to lack of proper detection, warning and fire fighting system and recommended many measures including fire detectors as smoke detectors can't be effective in running train, banning of use of gas cylinders for cooking in pantry cars, etc. Though, smoking is prohibited, still passenger smoke in the toilets or near the doors and this too can lead to fires. 

http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/andhra-pradesh/article3702051.ece?homepage=true

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3704655.ece

http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3704654.ece Tamilnadu Express incident list

http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/article3704435.ece About Indian Railways guidelines on fire safety

http://m.indianexpress.com/news/fire-in-train-coach-kills-at-least-25-in-nellore/981358/

http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/tamil-nadu-express-fire-toll-mounts-to-32-may-rise-further_790551.html

Education system - stress on children

Every few years, syllabus of lower classes is being increased by adding that from higher classes and this is making the children to spend more time to study with no time for sports, etc thus causing stress in them. People say that increasing competition is leading to stress, but when we compare how we were and what our children are, it is apparent that the present syllabus in classes VI-X is heavy and contains some portions from higher classes of our time. Though, experts say young brains are capable of grasping whatever is fed to them, but there should be a limit to it. One should remember that innovations and technologies of present day are due to efforts of people who studied earlier with the syllabus not so heavily loaded. 

With the shortsightedness of some people who review and decide syllabus, children are getting stuffed with more and more syllabus with passing years. For an adult, syllabus of lower classes appears easy but not for the kids who have to actually go through. This appears to be a reason why syllabus is increased at regular intervals without realizing its effects on the growth of the young children.

More syllabus is leading to shortcuts in studies for getting marks, without understanding. Students are fed with questions and answers, asked to remember the answers and in the process killing their interest, logical thinking abilities, and eventually harming the future generations. Even parents also join the race by forcing their wards to study with no relaxation. If a kid comes to parent for explanation, many of the present day parents are not in a position to clarify the doubts. When left with no other option, they ask their kids to memorize without understanding.

The results are already visible with many students in colleges (after 10+2) having back log of subjects because no body feeds them with questions and answers in higher classes unlike in lower classes. Many corporate HR managers of the view that the present day job aspirants do not have good understanding of the subjects though they got good marks in their college examinations. 

Sometimes, I read in news papers that the syllabus are trimmed by some governments but unless it is done for all states, no gains can be seen forcing the children to memorize the lines.

Road accidents in India

In an article in mint daily on 24.07.2012, it is stated that fatalities due to road accidents in India are on the rise and in the year 2011, 11.8 persons died per lakh of population compared to 11.4, 10.8, 10.5 in 2010, 2009 and 2008 respectively. Within the country, highest fatalities due to road accidents are in the state Goa where 23 persons per lakh die, followed by Tamilnadu (21), Puducherry (19), Haryana (19), Dadra & Nagar Haveli (18.4), Andhra Pradesh (17.9), Delhi (12.3), Maharashtra (11.6), Uttar Pradesh (11), Bihar (4.9).
As per WHO, every hour 40 persons under the age 25 die in the globe and this is 14/hr in India in 2009. The report says drunken driving is a major factor along with speeding, low use of helmets/seat belts, etc. Deaths are on rise progressive states like Maharashtra, Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh.
From the road safety statistics above, it appears that road accidents are less in states with good rail network compared to others and this calls for increasing the coverage of the country with good rail network. This will also help in decongestion of roads, reduction in import of fossil fuels thus saving foreign exchange, less pollution and better health.


http://www.livemint.com/2012/07/23233225/Path-to-safety.html?h=B news item
https://dl.dropbox.com/u/5973996/Users/Pooja/G-ACCIDENTS.pdf road accident statistics
http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,5519345,00.html WHO report

Safety audit of Parliament reveals security hazards

The news item about hazards in the Parliament appeared in today's edition of Times of India can be read in the following link.
Safety audit of Parliament reveals security hazards

The report of safety audit points to temporary nature of jobs that have become permanent, like cabins, partitions, loose wiring, addition of air conditioners, piling of broken furniture along the stairs, etc restricting/altering access, creating hazards and putting the lives of the persons in the building at risk. It is reported that the furniture is removed based on the audit report and canteen kitchen is being moved to avoid use of gas cylinders as explosives and recommended for use of piped gas. Though it is not reported, vehicle parking also should be looked into from safety and security aspects. It will be a Herculean task for the security officials to screen these vehicles apart from the persons, but requires attention.
LINK

Accident Investigation 101: What to Do and What Not to Do » SafetySmart

Do's and Dont's for accident investigation, appeared in Safety Smart, 18.07.2012 Wednesday.
Accident Investigation 101: What to Do and What Not to Do » SafetySmart

LINK

Odd and extra working hours - some facilities to staff

It is common for persons to work extra hours for various reasons. May be some shopfloor problems are to be attended, a report is to be made urgently, production schedules are to be met, breakdown maintenance is to be done, somebody did not report and person doing the work has to continue next shift, and so on. These persons need to be taken care properly by allowing them to have break for some rest, some snacks/food, proper sitting/rest place, etc. Though Factories Act requires these issues to be attended, in many factories, there are no change rooms / canteen facilities, particularly for daily wage earners / contract workers. They have to settle under a tree or shed for rest and to have their food. 

So called canteens supply tea/coffee and food at fixed timings and those who have to take meals/food at intervals find it difficult and their health and performance is affected over a time period. One can't bring food prepared at home to meet his/her requirement for extended working hours. And cakes/biscuits can't replace the regular food. 

Managements should ensure availability of fresh, energetic and hygienic food at all times to their employees so that they too can have their break and refreshment and resume the work with renewed vigor. 

Accident alert - Don't leave the child in the car

In an incident, a child was left in the car and by the time father returned, the child was found dead in a tragic way. The accident alert appeared in Cite Digest can be read in the following link.
http://www.citehr.com/418712-accident-alert.html

Protect Yourself From Respiratory Hazards » SafetySmart

Good article from Safety Smart on the subject.
Protect Yourself From Respiratory Hazards » SafetySmart

Many times, persons actually doing the job also ignore the advice and try to do the job saying that it is a 2 minute job. And, they would never see the light again. Before carrying out any job, particularly in closed spaces, one should measure the concentration of all possible pollutants and also oxygen in the work atmosphere, particularly at the actual place of the work. Pollutants should be exhausted by proper ventilation so that oxygen levels are within permissible range. If it is suitable, one should enter the space by following all precautions. Else, they will become victims of dangerous work place. Though, people say 19.5% of oxygen is sufficient to enter a confined space, but still it is below 21% level in atmosphere. We should find out which are the pollutants in the work place that caused reduction in oxygen level to 19.5%. We know that carbon monoxide at 5000 ppm (0.5%) is fatal.
It is better to ensure oxygen levels nearer to atmospheric levels of 21%, else one should use self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) so that one can work safely.
Apart from confined space jobs, respiratory protection is also required in jobs where fumes, mists, dust, etc are likely to be generated / present in the work place. Engineering measures should be taken and then as a last line of protection, one can go for personal protective equipment, in this case, use of respiratory protection.
LINK

Demolition Job Explodes in Workers’ Face » SafetySmart

A person while cutting a line with angle grinder, the gas inside the line exploded on the face causing burn injuries on the face and forearms. Wearing goggles and hand gloves saved the person from more injuries. We heard earlier, hot work i.e welding on  the pipe lines / tanks caused explosion (due to heating of contents inside and building up the pressure). In this case, possibly, after the line is cut, the escaping gas would have ignited from the sparks of grinding job.
Demolition Job Explodes in Workers’ Face » SafetySmart

LINK

Fire safety of the buildings

In the aftermath of the fire in Maharashtra's Secretariat building Mantralaya last week, an article appeared in Times of India on 24.06.2012 stating the review of fire safety in all buildings and maintaining the minimum requirements (as per National Building Code) to fight fire. They are,

1. maintaining atleast 6 m radius around the buildings free space to enable fire tender movement (this is also to be maintained free from trees and vegetation so that any fire involving them will not lead to fire in the building)
2. have fire detection and alarm system
3. have fire hydrants, wet riser, hose reel and automatic sprinkler system
4. have atleast 75,000 liter underground water tank and atleast 10,000 liter terrace tank exclusively for fire fighting
5. maintain atleast minimum number of (portable) fire extinguishers
6. have emergency lighting in and around the building
7. have one single switch in every building (at an easily identifiable and accessible location) to cut off power supply in case of short circuits (obviously this should be located in the main corridor, preferably at the entrance of the building)
8. have radiant (self luminescent) emergency exit direction markings along the corridor to the nearest exits
9. not blocking / locking the emergency exits / stairs with unwanted materials
10. test electrical systems also regularly to avoid overload/short circuit (as for any fire, people immediately show short circuit as the reason)
11. have CCTV surveillance system
12. display cautionary boards like do not smoke
13. remove the waste/scrap every day
14. test the systems regularly to see and ensure functioning of all fire protection system
15. have nodal officer in every building responsible for fire safety
16. conduct drills to all occupants to prepare them in case of any fire mishap
17. etc

The above guidelines will help in protecting the persons and property from fire mishaps.

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-24/hyderabad/32392807_1_wet-riser-fire-mishap-detection-and-alarm-system

A case for adopting inherently safer technologies - Message from Chairman, US Chemical Safety Board

CSB Chairman urged the industry to adopt inherently safer technologies in their processes, by substitution, reduction in inventory, operating at lesser temperatures and pressures and finally going for simpler instead of complex processes.
The main reason why industry is reluctant to change from existing conditions is that it costs money. Further, it requires lot of research and development and again it requires money. Governments too can do their bit in this regard to help the industry financially also by offering tax benefits to those who change their processes for achieving more safety.
The processes which are dangerous now, are approved by the government, when they were setup. These manufacturing facilities paid their taxes over the years to the government. Once, we are aware of the dangers, it is the responsibility of all stake holders, mainly, the industry and government, to contribute for a common cause i.e going for inherently safer technologies. As governments dole out subsidies and tax benefits to newly set up facilities, they can do the same to help the ailing industry (w.r.t safety).
Rafael Moure-Eraso: It's time for government and industry to adopt inherently safer technology  - Op-Ed Commentaries - The Charleston Gazette - West Virginia News and Sports -

LINK

Character and culture

I was going through a book titled 'Turning Point - Enlightening Essays on Life Part 1' published by Swaminarayan Aksharpith, Ahmedabad. In this book, there is a chapter on Character in which the quotation of Dwight L Mody is stated as 'Character is what you are in the dark'. 

National Petroleum Offshore Authority in its information booklet (A98443, Revision 1, Oct 2009) defined safety culture as 'Safety culture is how the organisation behaves when no one is watching'. From these two statements we can say that safety culture of an organization is the outcome of character of the individuals responsible for running the organization. Individuals makeup the organization and thus organization's culture is defined.

What we are doing in our day to day activities is not new to us. It is routine and we know how to do it safely. Still, we don't for various reasons. Nobody needs to supervise/watch us and tell us how to do a work in a safe manner. One need not tell us to read the established procedure, know the hazards, wear personal protective equipment, and so on. We know. Some of the tasks were known to us by our intuition / common sense. Still we ignore  for quick gains. We may complete a job without getting hurt ourselves or others. But, a day will come when we become victims of our own actions and that day we repent for our actions. 

Two sewage workers die in a sump of 6 feet depth

A worker engaged in routine maintenance of a pump located six feet below in a sump inhaled poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas and collapsed. Another person who tried to rescue the exposed  was overcome, collapsed and died. Shift supervisor who tried to rescue the persons also lost his life. Four others who tried to rescue were also exposed to the poisonous gas.

This incident shows lack of use of self contained breathing apparatus by the workers involved in such jobs and supervision. Whether the work atmosphere is monitored for toxic gases and sufficient ventilation is provided is to be ascertained.  Even if the work is required to be done only for few minutes, people involved should use necessary safety gear, as many think it is a short job and thus don't need self contained breathing apparatus. Rescue procedures in such incidents also need to be planned before start of work so that there will not be any delay to save the lives. It should form part of procedure to inform fire service crew and doctors before taking up any such work that help can be rendered in shortest time possible during any eventuality. 

Though, these procedures are made and followed in industrial establishments, similar procedures should be made compulsory in departments where persons are likely to be exposed to hazardous environment, where person have to work in confined spaces and so on. If somebody has to work at a place which is not meant for regular use, it should be treated as confined space and safety procedures for confined space should be followed.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Toxic-gas-kills-2-Delhi-Jal-Board-men-safety-suspect/articleshow/14190479.cms

Blast and fire in Vizag Steel Plant

In an incident of explosion and resultant fire in Vizag Steel Plant, 16 persons died and  property worth crores of rupees is damaged. It is reported that the incident happened in oxygen plant of the recently commissioned steel melting shop-II during trials. The hot metal from blast furnace will be sent into a mixer where oxygen will be blown at 17 kg/cm2 pressure to remove impurities and then convert into blooms. It is reported that the back pressure caused the explosion.

As per the reports, following are my observations:

1. Impurities from hot metal will be burnt in the mixer with oxygen.
2. Operators could not get the oxygen pressure of 17 kg/cm2 and instead they got about 14 kg/cm2.
3. They tried to admit oxygen at this lower pressure 2-3 times.
4. While people went closer to the unit to see reasons for low pressure, explosion occurred.
5. The pipeline for oxygen is of 5 mm thick instead of 10 mm
6. The oxygen container and associated piping got burst
7. The fire after explosion led to fire causing injuries/fatalities and property damage
8. Vehicles flew of about 50 m from the incident site

The above indicate nonavailability or failure of check valve / non-return valve in the connecting line; non-availability or failure of safety relief valve in the oxygen container and or mixer. The back pressure could be due to sudden reaction of impurities like carbon, etc with more oxygen supplied (2-3 times as low pressure was there) and the reaction product gases could have builtup pressure and non-venting of these gases as they are formed could have led to pressure buildup and back pressure.

As the plant is being commissioned/started for trial runs, many people including top level management was present and so many people thus got exposed.

Why so many vehicles including autorikshaws and scooters were available near the site is not known.

http://www.rediff.com/news/report/eight-killed-in-explosion-at-vizag-steel-plant/20120614.htm

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-13/hyderabad/32214943_1_oxygen-plant-sms-wing-blast-furnace

Operators are important for safety

In an article in Times of India today, an air safety consultant (former member of NTSB) John Goglia said that 80% airline accidents can be attributed to pilots, 40% to maintenance problems. He also suggested to have fatigue management system for efficient job performance like environment management system for improving environmental performance.
We may say that in any activity, the person actually doing the job is an important person and thus his knowledge, skill and interpretation/analysis of data he sees/receives in his job is most important. With poor control on operators regarding their punctuality and discipline, operators already in place may be forced to continue till reliever comes and this may lead to fatigue and errors in his judgement.
Proper selection of the man-power, training, establishing safety procedures, planning of shift duties, procedures for intimation about absence/change of timing well in advance can handle such issues and help in smooth operation of plant.

Gas cylinder safety

Following link is about BOC guidelines for gas cylinder safety.

http://www.uq.edu.au/ohs/pdfs/OHYG-BOCGasCylinderSafety.pdf

Location of transformers closer to buildings, walkways - a hazard

In an article, it is reported that many transformers located adjacent to foot paths or closer to buildings though as per Petroleum Act, atleast 9 m gap should be maintained. As per Indian Electricity Act, at least 2.5 m vertical and 1.5 m horizontal clearance should be maintained for 11 kv lines which is hardly followed. Read the full information in the following link.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Transformers-buildings-too-close-for-comfort/articleshow/13678673.cms

Wrong chemical mixing - gas leak - 11 injured

In an incident, the truck driver connected connected a wrong hose pumping acid into a tanker already containing some caustic solution. This resulted in chemical reaction, raising the temperature to 120 deg C and the driver saw yellow gas leak. 11 persons were injured in the incident. It is not clear who cleared the tanker driver to connect a wrong hose.

Following procedures/precautions can avoid such chemcial accidents/incidents.

1. Ensure the fitness of the vehicles by checking for valid certificates before permitting the vehicle into premises.
2. Ensure the contents and volume in the tanker by checking the records from the driver.
3. Ensure the availability of TREM card for the chemical in the tanker.
4. Ensure supervision for the job.
5. Label the hoses with chemical names apart from proper colour coding of the hoses.
6. Ensure connecting of earthing lines (depending on the chemicals handled) to the tanker.
7. Ensure connecting of correct hose to the tanker.
8. Instruct the operator to pump required volume by proper setting.
9. After pumping, disconnect and wait for backflow of chemicals from hoses, if any and wash the area.
10. Disconnect the earthing connections from the tanker.
11. Enter the volume pumped  or the level in the tank after pumping, in the records of the truck driver.

http://www.kval.com/news/local/At-least-three-people-injured-during-hazardous-materials-incident-Portland-155757555.html

A video is also available in the above link about the incident.

Treatment to blindness caused by chemicals

An eye hospital in Hyderabad, L.V.Prasad Eye Institute, is restoring the blindness to persons caused during chemical accidents. A person lost his eye sight due to splashing of sodium hydroxide. By growing stem cells in the lab, a technique developed by Italian scientists and improvised by scientists in this institute, the doctors are able to restore the eye sight in quick time.
http://www.theworld.org/2012/05/stem-cells-india/

Workers may be complacent not to wear goggles while working with chemicals, assuming that the job is simple or short time job. Chemicals, particularly alkalies can cause retina damage when fall into eyes and not washed immediately and treated. Some workers wash with water for few minutes until they feel better instead of the recommended time period of atleast 15 minutes. Later these people develop complications and may risk their eye sight. One has to wash 15 minutes atleast because, studies say, even after this much period of washing, only about 95% of the chemical is washed and this should be followed with treatment/consultation from the doctor. Any neglect will prove costly.

Person consumes cow dung powder and dies

A woman consumes cow dung powder and dies on the way to the hospital. She did this as her husband found that she had drawn Rs 50,000/- from his bank account using his ATM card without his knowledge and came to know later. 

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/Wife-who-defrauds-husband-kills-self/articleshow/13577962.cms

http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/getpage.aspx?pageid=9&pagesize=&edid=&edlabel=TOIH&mydateHid=28-05-2012&pubname=&edname=&publabel=TOI

I am unable to find the words of consuming cow dung powder in the above links, but in print version it is mentioned.  Myself  and my friends too are totally surprised that cow dung consumption can cause death. We tried to find the reason unsuccessfully. Now, we have to keep cautioning the persons about possible contamination of food with cow dung also to avoid illness/deaths.