Attrocities on females - action needed

Last few weeks, we are seeing agitations all over the country in protest against brutal acts of some fellows on a girl. Many institutions of government and non-government are proposing several actions to avoid such attrocities in the future. Government has set up a fast track court to hear the case. Companies that hire vehicles were advised to verify the details of cab drivers engaged before employing them for ferrying them to office / home. May be this should be done for all employees like it is done in important government institutions. 

A common helpline is also being proposed in some states to receive the calls from those in danger and provide necessary help.

Companies too can set up their own helpline or can form an association with other companies in the city and operate a helpline in the city of operation. Big companies can have their own helpline set up and link it to their head quarters also. 

Why some persons are engaged in such unacceptable acts is that there is no fear in them as they would not have seen the punishments. This can be seen from the appearance of similar news reports even after the first incident and uproar against it. 

No normal person goes against a speeding vehicle or a train as he is sure that it will over run him.

Such an awareness should be brought among all by awarding quick stern punishments so that nobody dares to commit such acts. Fear is the key and this only will work. Once culprits are known, then immediate punishment as per applicable law should be awarded and implemented. If somebody commits a mistake, they should be punished irrespective of other factors. Otherwise, loop holes will be taken to their advantage and crimes will continue to grow. There should not be any hesitation in this regard to save fellow human beings.

Safety implementation - We are as good (and bad) as those in developed countries

I read a blog post today where it is mentioned that i) many managers consider safety implementation as a nuisance, reduces productivity ii) enforcement agencies are short of man power, iii) long battles in courts to penalize, iv) penalties are considered as added cost to the product rather than a warning for not following safety, and so on. The situation is not different here also.
Let it be any country, whatever be the rules and penalties or punishments are, it is the commitment of the management and its support that ensures safety at the workplace and this in the long run reduces the cost of production. Very few understand this as bypassing safety shows immediate increase in output, but in the long run leads to accidents as a result of fall in safety standards and reduces the productivity. One must remember that what we see today is the result of efforts (constructive or destructive) made in the past. One must not be elated and relax when going is smooth (safe) and should be on constant vigil and be committed to improve safety.
The blog post and comments under suggested that penalties should be on the persons rather than on the organization to warn the erring persons to implement safety. Though, we say occupier (the one who got ultimate control over the day-to-day affairs of the organization) is responsible, long delays in punishing the culprits are allowing them to run the organization as per their wishes. In this regard, the blog post suggested need for having industrial courts to handle such cases and give verdict quickly. Along with person based penalties, awarding of punishments also will act as a deterrent for the people to run organizations only for profit and drive them to implement good safety practices.

Bhopal Accident - One more year passed!

Another year passed to count on Bhopal accident. After the Bhopal accident, we can recount the accidents at HPCL, Vizag and IOCL, Jaipur where human lives are lost in double digit. We do not know, how many are going to happen at any time. We may think that we are doing pretty well on safety matters, but it is the luck and time factor rather than our safety alertness that accidents of great magnitude did not happen.

All of us know what to do to avert an accident, but complacency and wrong priorities make us to delay immediate actions for improving safety at workplace.

In the West, well established industrial organizations saw occurrence of accidents, though there safety record is at its best till the occurrence of the accident.

Though, incentives do not lead to permanent safety solutions, still we can offer significant incentives to employees who point out hazards and those responsible for allowing those hazards should be punished parallelly.

Too much freedom and associated inaction should not be tolerated in any hazard installation and wrong doers should be handled severely.

Process Safety Management - for whom?

Everybody says process safety management (PSM) without knowing or having commitment. Many may be thinking it as day-to-day plant operation. In this regard, to identify, evaluate and control hazards in chemical plants, OSHA has given guidelines and can be read here.
It must be understood that by doing PSM, we are doing favour to ourselves and not to others. Even, production cost can be brought down, if we do PSM sincerely and follow it. If we do not care to spillages/leakages of chemicals, air, steam; do not care to study in detail before going for a new process / chemical / modification; do not make checklists for operations, then it means that enough attention is not paid for plant operations and it adds to cost of production by way of wastage, inefficient operation, accidents, and so on.
We should not feel like Alice in the wonder land when the unidentified hazards manifest into incidents/ accidents. One may feel stressed to follow the safety principles all the while. But, the stress will be more and can also lead to penalties and punishments when there is loss of life/damage to environment/property.
Many times when we land into simple accidents outside factory, we vow not to repeat such mistakes. But, when we commit such mistakes in a factory, the consequences will be very high and at that time we can move the time back to correct our mistakes. There is no time machine yet available to correct ourselves otherthan following safety principles in toto.

About Bhopal accident

There was an article on Bhopal accident comparing it with that of BP oil spill. The article can be read at this LINK. The author noted about the poor response of our industry leaders to the injustice met by the victims in comparison with the active involvement of industries at USA against BP. There are many persons in responsible positions in various companies who can come under the Sec 300 of IPC and may not be knowing that they are committing such blunders.
It is essential that top management of all industries should be informed about their responsibilities under various statutes when permissions / licences are issued by concerned government authorities. e-mail is the best service available which can be utilized by regulatory agencies to send e-mails from time to time to these leaders of the organizations.
What I feel is that most of the management representatives do not know about minimum safety procedures to be ensured in their organizations under various statutes and punishment / penalties for violators. Once this is known, definitely violations will come down as nobody likes to trouble himself of attending criminal proceedings against him.

Who is responsible for safety?

After the last week verdict on Bhopal tragedy for fixing the responsibility, so many people in responsible positions commented about the verdict. The Factories Act 1948 amended after this 1984 accident fixes the responsibility for ensuring safety at the work place on the occupier as well as the manager. It also says (Sec 101) that if the occupier is able to prove that he has given full responsiblity and resources to others down below and that the accident occurred because of deeds of his subordinates without his knowledge, then the said person can be held responsible.

Someone commented that a car owner can't be held responsible, if his driver makes an accident. It is forgotten that the driver was put into job by the owner of the car and nobody else (unless car was stolen and is not reported in the police station).

If managements employ less qualified or unsuitable persons for the job, then there is every possibility that accidents / incidents can take place. In risk assessment, human error is also a factor. In fact, experts say that systems should be designed and put in place such that even a fool can not meddle and lead to accidents.

In the case of Bhopal accident, it is mentioned that the some of the workers, superviors and managers were brought from Battery Division and do not have proper training / exposure to run the plant. Even the audit report of Union Carbide warned about imminent dangers, a few years before the accident. Few accidents occurred earlier also support that a major accident will not occur all of a sudden, but will be preceded by few near misses and minor accidents.

As the plant was not in operation for few months before the accident, poorly trained managers and supervisors decided to switch off the refrigeration system thinking that when plant is not running, nothing will happen (because of lack of knowledge on hazards). Persons were not informed about the hazards, neither they had interest to learn on their own, about what can happen in their day-to-day activities. All of us will be careful to caution our children about their safety when they go to school or college. But we do not follow the same at our work place.

Apart from deactivating refrigeration system, the srubbing unit and flare tower were not kept in working condition. To prove Murphy law, every safety system went wrong simulataneously (neither functional nor available at the time of accident). The water sprinkler, a last resort, had limitations of spraying water upto a height of only 15 m where as the gas eascaped from the flare tower at a height more than this.

There are provisions and punishments for causing deaths due to negligence, callous attitude and accused should be awarded compunded punishments. If the wrong doers are not punished severely, this will send a wrong message to all greedy corporates that nothing will happen to them and they can find some scapegoats at lower levels for the minor punishments.  In the famous novel God Father by Mario Puzo, it is mentioned that underworld people keep some persons with opposing gangs as a surity for the persons from these gangs attending meetings so that they can participate the meetings and leave the place safely. Scapegoats will be found like in the underworld system.

The entire property of the owners of the factory causing such large scale deaths should be confiscated and it is better for governments to work toward making international laws to confiscate properties of the owners in other countries also.






LINK

Safety Practioner: A Pessimist? or A Visionary!!

A safety officer’s main role in the organization to help in hazard identification and thus he will have a hawk’s eye for hazards. The conditions which are normal for the plant personnel will be hazards in the eyes of safety man and thus when he tells shop floor persons about hazard and need for elimination, the safety man will be seen as a negative minded person. He may be scolded, chided and will be at receiving end depending upon the safety culture of the organization. If the safety officer is having thick skin, then he will not bother and will continue his work. If not, after sometime he may stop cautioning about hazards. If some unusual incident occurs, then again same safety person will be blamed for not identifying the hazard and intimating the concerned. He will be come pessimistic and all his goals / objective in the beginning of a career in safety will lead to total frustration and he will be at cross roads to do what. He will be stressful and it is not possible for any person to be optimistic for ever. Though pessimistic attitude is good for a safety man in hazard identification, when this reach his mind and carried to home, it may spoil his home life also. Over a period of time, he will be at peace neither at work place nor at home and will be blamed all around.

Therefore, it is important for safety professional to stay positive and exercise like walking will help him to stay fit, physically and mentally. Listening to music, attending cultural programmes and book reading are some of the activities which can help the person to lead a peaceful life. Similarly, visiting new places, monumental or religious or others, will fresh up the life.

If it is not possible to continue in the safety department, he can think of change of job. However, I know some persons who left their organizations in frustration continue to be frustrated and are frequent job changers.

There are many programmes available to take care of different professionals, but professionals who help the organizations to identify hazards are helped in identifying their hazards. These safety professionals have to take care of themselves and safe guard their health and life beyond office.

Once the person overcomes his stressful life because of his profession, still keeping his pessimistic approach, he can be helpful to the organization in hazard identification. A safety officer in an organization will have the moral responsibility of ensuring a safe work place and also see that management will not take wrong decisions because of his work methods. He has to envisage what can go wrong and provide feed back to the management in the form of reports regularly. He has to convey hazards along with the statutory requirments under which these are seen as violations and for thick skinned persons, safety officer should not hesitate in telling about the penalties / punishments one deserves for the violations. Though, punishments or penalties are seen as last resort and people say they are not helpful in straightening the organization, as we see the occurrence of incidents in well advanced countries and the penalties imposed by the regulators in these countries, there is no other solution.

In fact, organizations should develop their own penalty structure in terms of cash fine or reduced pay or suspension of the employee from work and termination as last resort. Then, everybody will have the fear of following safety priniciples which the management wants to follow. Of course, nothing can be done, if the management it self pays only lip service to safety.

Accident prevention is cheaper than the accident

Yesterday evening, a 2-year old boy fell in an unused open borewell in a village in Andhra Pradesh. Today evening he died, though efforts were made to save the child.

It is not uncommon to hear such news now and then. There are many unreported incidents as well. Some lucky ones were rescued safely and many unlucky children could not. It is outrageous that when a borewell is dug, till other piping work is completed, the well is to be capped and all it costs for a perfect capping is only about Rs 500. People spend thousands of rupees for sinking a borewell but think that it costs them to securely close. Now, see the cost of resources put into saving the child fell in the borewell.
- EMRI service 108 personnel spent more than 24 hrs in rescue efforts
- District collector and SP also spent considerable time
- Earth removers were engaged on the job (it costs about Rs 500-1000 per hour when you rent it and for 24 hrs, more than Rs 20000/- is spent and this amount alone can be used for capping 40 wells. If you add cost of personnel and medical emergency care engaged in the work, the rescue efforts amount to another Rs 20,000/-)

It is good that TV9 channel started a campaign to inform them about all open wells so that message can be driven into concerned officials for capping the wells and save other children.

In the field of industrial safety, it is known that cost of accident prevention is only 1/4 of direct cost of the accident. Infact, the savings accrued from accident prevention, over a period of time, will far exceed the money spent on accident prevention and thus experts say that SAFETY IS CHEAP AND COSTS NOTHING compared to the expenditure one has to incur once an accident occurs.

The persons responsible for leaving the borewells in open condition should be held responsible and should be made to pay for their lapse so that all others will realize and try to be vigilant in their actions.

Publicity and awareness campaigns like the one started by TV9 should be on continuous basis and voluntary and should not be like knee-jerk reaction.

Accident Investigations - Recommendations - Implementation

In any factory, after any major accident takes place leading to loss of life or huge property damage, a committee is constituted to investigate to find the root cause and secondary causes. The committee investigates and makes some recommendations. It is observed in many investigations, a number of recommendations are of general in nature, like,

i) applicable statutory requirements to be followed
ii) house keeping to be improved
iii)training to be provided
iv) supervision to be ensured
v) safety studies to be carried, etc

The management faces the problem of finding what is to be done with these types of recommendations and they are blank about how to avoid recurrence of such accidents / incidents. It appears as though a separate committee is to be constituted for each of the recommendations to understand what it means and what should be done.

Instead, if the accident investigation committee that comprises persons from production, safety, maintenance, etc is able to make recommendations specific to the factors that are responsible for the cause of accident, then the direction for management will be straight forward. For example, say that earthing and bonding is not done for all piping as per so and so legislation (Petroleum Rules). Then, this should be stated and identify the procedure and persons to be responsible for doing and checking. Similarly, a checklist can be made what should be seen for the supervisor every day for the job so that instead of simply standing to supervise the job, he will be clear of what is expected of him to ensure that the job is carried out safely. Along with these, punishments like suspension of the increment / cut in pay also should be mentioned for each of the jobs so that when a person carries the work without following the written instructions, he will face these consequences. Once every thing is put in writing right from the nature of the job, methodology, checks and punsihment, then the system is established and will become independent of the individuals. There should be no mercy for failures of the persons responsible to do the given job. Only when leniency is shown, then the parasites will grow and favouritism starts.

After the implementation of recommendations, if again a similar accidents occurs, then the committee should introspect itself about its efficiency and what went wrong. Whether all recommendations are implemented to the satisfaction / stated intention of the committee or whether full information was obtained earlier or the investigation was only a face wash and the committee should be fixed for its failure to see all facts and handed out proper punishment. After implementation of recommendations, whether all concerned employees were informed about these and whether these were trained for resumption of work is also to be seen. There can be production pressures, but if work is resumed without corrective and preventive actions, then there is no meaning in investigation. Definitely such establishements should prepare to close their shops soon.

Safety becomes an obstacle or costly affair, when proper thought is not given for it during design stage itself and then not followed. If any person says that he does not care for safety as he pays the persons through salaries, then he is a criminal and whether he will accept such a thing if his own kith and kin work in such environment should be seen. If the answer is negative, then he should not ask for output without correcting the system.

Road Rage - Control

For the last three months, I am commuting between office and residence on my vehicle. Before that I utilized department transport facility. Though the route is same, I am finding it difficult to control my anger at the way others on the road ride their vehicles. I may be getting every month Rs 4,000/- for coming on my own but I think this road rage of others is creating mental tension and is leading to health problems for me.

Most of the persons do not give directions, which way they will be turning. Some intelligent pillion riders keeping waving their hands in the air and we do not know whether to take it as a signal or he is talking. Other fellows, do not bother about the blinking indicators of their vehicles. They do not even bother to see that the indicator lamp is blinking. Then vehicle parking at the T joint roads. People park their vehicles right at the corners of T joints and those coming from side road to main road have to take a long turn with the possibility of collision with other vehicles plying on the main road.

Then, the cell world. With benk necks, keeping the mobile between the shoulder and the ear, it has become a fashion statement for the so called youth to start the vehicle after putting the mobile in above manner. It is unnerving to see such people on the road, particularly when they cross the road at 90 degrees from other roads. Then there are some people who slow down after joining the road from side roads and are undecided to go which way.

One day, when I was driving my bike, suddenly an elderly person (about 60 years, appears retired from service) started crossing the road, by waving the fingers in threatening manner. Not waiting for traffic to ease, he even wants to hold moving motorists responsible his safe road crossing.

Two days ago, I was going down the rail-over-bridge. I was driving the bike parallel to a bus, on its right side. I am not able to see what is on the other side of the bus. As I reached the end of the bridge and about to speed up the bike on the level road, suddenly a old man in his car appeared in front of me crossing the road at 90 degrees. I could not see the car as the bus on my left blocked my view on that side. Car driver could have seen the bus coming down the bridge. But he did not bother. My heart stopped a moment. But, as I observed, the old man was cool. I think he does not have any desire to live also, the way he appeared, the way he crossed the road though a bus was coming down at speed.

Then, there are other cool guys who drive their vehicle almost at the middle of the road at a slow speed. It is good that they are going at slow speed. But, by their action they are occupying the entire road. Common sense that we should drive at LEFT does not occur to them.

Then, the urgent masters. They seem to be in hurry always. Even when ambulances are coming behind with the siren, they do not want to give side. A life is at stake. But, if other motorists in their front are giving way for the ambulance behind to sped past, these hurry masters will use this and keep going forward.

Next come the cut masters. The road will be plain without obstructions or pits. Still, these fellows sometimes with more than one person in pillion, rush their vehicles with sharp cuts increasing B.P. of the other drivers on the road.

I find one of the solutions for these types of problems, is not to allow roads to intersect directly at 90 degrees. Side roads can join the road and then U turns should be provided 1/2 KM away from the point of joining of side road to main road, so that with some discipline, motorists can go along the road and take turn to the other road. This will avoid direct crossing of the road.

Similarly, there should not be any side roads at both ends of flyovers or road over bridges so that speeding vehicles do not hit those trying to cross to side roads at these places.

Then shops / business establishments / eateries at the corners of T joint should not be permitted if they do not have fenced parking place. If any vehicles is parked at the T joints where side roads join main roads, all these vehicles should be towed away and seized. Heavy penalties like Rs 5,000/- for first offence should be imposed so that they remember it for their life and may even spread the message among their friends and known persons. This will create awareness on road safety. It will start slowly, but I am sure, in a short time it will spread every where.

Similarly, penalties should be implemented strictly. Those who use mobiles on the roads, ride the vehicles without helmets / safety belts, go in wrong direction, go at excessive speed, do not stop at the signals, etc should be fined. The penalties should be excessive and targets should be given to the road traffic police. This will avoid corruption, else, with excessive penalties, violators will be willing to pay a fraction of the fine as bribe and escape. More people can be recruited in this regard and I am sure the penalties will be suffice to fund the salaries of these inspectors. If any body repeats his mistake, then, the vehicle / equipment (mobile) should be seized and should be sold by auction. This can be another income for the department.

Any body digging the road should be made to pay twice / thrice the cost of repairs to a road safety fund in addition to repairing the road immediately after his work is completed. This will avoid mindless digging of the roads for functions / cable laying one after another / etc.

If any person by his road movements causes injury / death, 10 - 50 % of his property value, with a minimum of Rs 5.0 lakhs should be collected from him towards the road safety fund. Apart from this, his licence should be cancelled forever, all vehicles under his possession should be seized and sold by auction. Such persons are not fit to drive the vehicles on the roads and it is better for them to use other transport methods.

Rules should be made such that, buyers of vehicles should watch road safety video and go through pamphlets and give under taking that they watched the road safety video and read the reading material and give under taking that they will not violate road safety rules (video and study material to be made specially for this purpose by transport department).

Though one may feel these types of penalties are stringent, reading the number of deaths every day because of road rage, I feel it is appropriate. Danda (stick) only will work in this world. Saama, Daana, Bhedha will not work.

I have some thing to say about road dividers also. With every relaying of the road, the height of the road divider comes down and after some time, the road divider is nothing but a small curb which is taken to their advantage by rule breakers by jumping over the roads on other side. The road divider should in fact be like a parapet wall of 1.5 m height so that road crossing becomes difficult illegally and then the high beam lights of opposite side coming vehicles will not cause momentary blindness to the drivers and thus will avoid accidents due to this cause.

Electrocutions - A Story that repeats

Of late, there were many news paper reports almost on every alternate day about the death of the persons and sometimes animals (mostly) and injuries due to contact of the living being with some cable or wire carrying electricity. The job in hand at the time of the incident involving victim were mostly, repair of a domestic water pump in the sump / repair of connections on the street light pole / touching an electric street light pole / moving near loosely hanging cables or wire / drawing electricity by illegal connection by a greedy person / etc.

For genuine repairs, it is the minimum requirement to cut off power supply and also ensure line clearance from respective agenices and display CAUTION BOARD for not switching ON power supply. It is best to use locking arrangement and keep the key with the person carrying out the work. A supervisor is a must and hazards in the job should be assessed and safety measures for identified hazards should be in place before start of work. This is applicable for jobs executed by agencies.

For repair works at home, it is common practice for the resident to do him self and get shock. All this to save few rupees at the cost of risking life and thus endangering the livelihood of his dependents also. It is best to call experts in the field for repairs even if it appears a small and known job.

Reports say most of the time line clearance is not obtained and the person mostly engaged on the job will be a casual worker. He may be skilled in his work but the responsibility of ensuring isolation of power supply lies with the department person and as it appears from so many deaths, this supervisor simply washes off his responsibility by allocating the job and it is doubtful whether the job is supervised even for some time.

When we learn from these costly deaths, not in terms of money, but that of making the dependents of the deceased to struggle for their livelihood apart from mental agony and pain of losing their dear ones.

Enforcing strict penalties by settingup special fast track courts only to handle the cases of violations of industry related legislations like Factores Act, Environment Protection Act, Indian Electricty Act, Explosives Act, etc and Rules framed under these Acts will bring a sense of responsibility when responsible persons become aware of punishments. It is mostly the lack of application of stick that is making persons irresponsible and fail to ensure safety in their areas of control.

Though we say stick is useful only to some extent, the incidents recurring at regular frequency shows that still we have not yet developed out of this DANDOPAYAM.