Who is responsible for accidents or incidents in an organization?

When some accident or incident occurs, immediately some committee will be constituted to fix the accoutability and normally a worker or immediate supervisor or officer at junior level will be held responsible. But what about the managers or occupier of the company.
People are in limelight and showered accolades for achieving best production. At that time none of the shopfloor level employees will be recognized for the production levels.
Only when some failure or breakdown takesplace, then shopfloor persons will be questioned and punished. From this, we can see that punishments are for shopfloor employees and rewards and recognition are for managers. During delibration of investigation committees, the committee chairman will also be biased because somewhere else he is a manager or senior executive and will be of the opinion that he need not know what is happening at shopfloor and thus is not responsible.
But, Yes. He is responsible for achieving peak production levels. Or, for reducing the costs by process modifications.
But, No for accidents or reducing costs by stopping safety systems or bringing down the level of functioning of safety gear. Such is the appraisal system. Factories Act 1948 clearly holds the occupier of the company responsible for all activites though it exempts him provided he proves sufficiently that accident took place inspite of taking all efforts.